The state of somatosensory cortex during neuromodulation
The state of somatosensory cortex during neuromodulation
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00256.2012
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Castro-Alamancos, Manuel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Favero, Morgana;Varghese, Gladis;Castro-Alamancos, Manuel A.
Favero M，Varghese G，Castro-Alamancos MA.躯体感觉皮层在神经调节过程中的状态。J Neurophysiol 108：1010-1024，2012.首次发表于2012年5月23日; doi：10.1152/jn.00256.2012.-在行为静止期间，例如慢波睡眠和麻醉，新皮层处于以缓慢振荡的存在为特征的失活状态。在唤醒过程中，缓慢的振荡是不存在的，新皮层处于激活状态，极大地影响了信息处理。作用于新皮层的神经调节剂被认为介导这些状态变化，但其机制知之甚少。我们研究了去甲肾上腺素能和胆碱能激活的慢振荡，细胞兴奋性，和突触输入的丘脑皮层切片的体感皮层的行动。结果表明，神经调节消除了缓慢的振荡，抑制了主细胞的兴奋性，并重新平衡了丘脑皮质受体层IV-III中的兴奋性和抑制性突触输入。感觉皮层对驱动它的输入有更高的选择性，神经调节的来源对决定这种选择性至关重要。胆碱能激活抑制由丘脑皮质和皮质内输入驱动的兴奋性和抑制性传导。去甲肾上腺素能激活抑制皮层内输入而非丘脑皮质输入驱动的兴奋性电导，增强丘脑皮质输入而非皮层内输入驱动的抑制性电导。因此，去甲肾上腺素能激活强调丘脑皮质（感觉）输入相对于皮质内输入，而胆碱能激活抑制两者。
Favero M, Varghese G, Castro-Alamancos MA. The state of somatosensory cortex during neuromodulation. J Neurophysiol 108: 1010-1024, 2012. First published May 23, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00256.2012.-During behavioral quiescence, such as slow-wave sleep and anesthesia, the neocortex is in a deactivated state characterized by the presence of slow oscillations. During arousal, slow oscillations are absent and the neocortex is in an activated state that greatly impacts information processing. Neuromodulators acting in neocortex are believed to mediate these state changes, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the actions of noradrenergic and cholinergic activation on slow oscillations, cellular excitability, and synaptic inputs in thalamocortical slices of somatosensory cortex. The results show that neuromodulation abolishes slow oscillations, dampens the excitability of principal cells, and rebalances excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs in thalamocortical-recipient layers IV-III. Sensory cortex is much more selective about the inputs that can drive it. The source of neuromodulation is critically important in determining this selectivity. Cholinergic activation suppresses the excitatory and inhibitory conductances driven by thalamocortical and intracortical inputs. Noradrenergic activation suppresses the excitatory conductance driven by intracortical inputs but not by thalamocortical inputs and enhances the inhibitory conductance driven by thalamocortical inputs but not by intracortical inputs. Thus noradrenergic activation emphasizes thalamocortical (sensory) inputs relative to intracortical inputs, while cholinergic activation suppresses both.