Extreme low pH, not Al <sup>3+</sup>, is a key abiotic stressor for the extremophyte <i>Carex angustisquama</i> (Cyperaceae) in highly acidic solfatara fields
Extreme low pH, not Al <sup>3+</sup>, is a key abiotic stressor for the extremophyte <i>Carex angustisquama</i> (Cyperaceae) in highly acidic solfatara fields
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极低 pH 值（而非 Al <sup>3 </sup>）是高酸性硫磺草田中极生植物 <i>Carex angustisquama</i>（莎草科）的关键非生物应激源
DOI：
10.1111/plb.13514
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sakaguchi S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagasawa K.;Fukushima K.;Setoguchi H.;Katsuyama M.;Sakaguchi S.
火山酸化造成了极端的土壤条件，极低的pH(2-3)和高的Al3+对根的毒性强烈地抑制了植物的生长。狭叶锦鸡儿是高酸性索尔法塔拉田地的优势极端植物，在那里没有其他维管植物可以生存。在这里，我们研究了决定这种极端植物生存的关键非生物应激源，通过土壤分析和地形测量，研究了酸性土壤中两个主要的非生物应激源低pH和Al3+对FC发生的影响。索尔法塔拉田野中的渔民。在田间调查中，土壤pH的空间分布与索尔法塔拉农田内的植被区划一致。相反，由于淋溶作用较强，土壤交换性铝含量总体较低。统计分析也支持土壤pH在决定FC分布中的重要作用。在索尔法塔拉的一块田地里有渔民。此外，水培试验还显示了对FC的较高耐受性。黄姑鱼的pH值比姊妹种低，特别是在pH 2-3的范围内，与实际栖息地的pH值相对应。眼镜蛇。相反，两种植物对Al3+的耐性没有显著的种间差异，表明两种植物对Al3+的耐性都很高。这一研究表明，低pH是导致高酸性索尔法塔拉地区极端植物形成的关键非生物胁迫因素。相反，狭叶锦鸡儿对Al~(3+)毒性表现出很高的耐受性，可能是在物种形成之前获得的。
Volcanic acidification creates extreme soil conditions, where rhizotoxicity from extremely low pH (2–3) and high Al3+strongly inhibit plant growth.C. angustisquamais a dominant extremophyte in highly acidic solfatara fields, where no other vascular plants can survive. Here we investigated the key abiotic stressor determining survival of this extremophyte.Soil analyses and topographic surveys were conducted to examine the effects of low pH and Al3+, two major abiotic stressors in acidic soils, on the occurrence ofC. angustisquamain solfatara fields. Hydroponic culture experiments were also performed to test its growth responses to these stressors.In field surveys, the spatial distribution of soil pH was consistent with vegetation zonation within a solfatara field. In contrast, soil exchangeable Al content was overall low due to strong eluviation. Statistical analysis also supported the significant role of soil pH in determining the distribution ofC. angustisquamain a solfatara field. Furthermore, hydroponic culture experiments revealed a higher tolerance ofC. angustisquamato low pH than a sister species, especially in the range pH 2–3, corresponding to the pH values of the actual habitats ofC. angustisquama. Conversely, no significant interspecific difference was detected in Al3+tolerance, indicating that both species had high Al3+tolerance.This study suggests that low pH is a critical abiotic stressor leading to formation of the extremophyte in highly acidic solfatara fields. In contrast,C. angustisquamadisplayed high tolerance to Al3+toxicity, probably acquired prior to speciation.