Automated recognition of quasi‐planar ignimbrite sheets as paleosurfaces via robust segmentation of digital elevation models: an example from the Central Andes
Automated recognition of quasi‐planar ignimbrite sheets as paleosurfaces via robust segmentation of digital elevation models: an example from the Central Andes
复制标题
通过数字高程模型的稳健分割将准平面火凝灰岩片自动识别为古地表：安第斯山脉中部的一个例子
DOI：
10.1002/esp.3606
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Nothegger C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Székely B;Koma S;Karátson D;Dorninger P;Wörner G;Brandmeier M;Nothegger C
准平面形态表面可能会随着时间的推移而被分割或退化，但仍然保留与其地质地貌起源相关的原始特征。为了破译隐藏在浮雕中的信息，需要识别这些特征，可能以自动化的方式。在我们的研究中，使用航天飞机雷达地形任务（SRTM）数字高程模型（DEM），对现有算法进行了调整，以识别满足指定标准的准平面特征。该方法已应用于安第斯山脉中部的研究区域，其中包括中新世至第四纪火山机构、倾斜的熔结岩表面和盆地充填沉积物。结果是表面分割，而非平面特征（沟壑、构造断层等）则被整理出来。可区分和解释的地貌特征主要类型如下。 (1) 高原西缘向西倾斜，分为因中层构造陡化而侵蚀加剧的下部沉积盖层部分和侵蚀有限的上部平面。 (2) 在西科迪勒拉山脉的中部，Oxaya 火成岩块体呈现出“条纹”凸起图案，这是由平滑变化的地表倾角造成的。这种模式是由于火成岩块的连续折叠/扭曲可能与重力运动有关。 (3) 在西边，大而均匀的平面对应于中央盆地年轻沉积盖层平坦、光滑、构造上未受干扰的表面。 (4) 塔帕卡火山的扇形塌陷事件和锥体形成阶段的演化由具有重叠碎屑裙带的几个片段显示。 (5) 在东部，在高原的西缘，年轻的山间盆地被上中新世沉积物填充，显示出向盆地边缘逐渐增加的倾角，这通过分割面的圆形图案反映出来。我们表明，分割模型为地貌分析提供了有意义的图像和附加信息，可以用地质和表面演化模型来解释。版权所有 © 2014 约翰·威利父子有限公司
Quasi‐planar morphological surfaces may become dissected or degraded with time, but still retain original features related to their geologic‐geomorphic origin. To decipher the information hidden in the relief, recognition of such features is required, possibly in an automated manner. In our study, using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM), an existing algorithm has been adapted to recognize quasi‐planar features fulfilling specified criteria. The method has been applied to a study area of the Central Andes with Miocene to Quaternary volcanic edifices, tilted ignimbrite surfaces, and basin‐filling sediments. The result is a surface segmentation, whereas non‐planar features (gullies, tectonic faults, etc.) are sorted out. The main types of geomorphic features that can be distinguished and interpreted are as follows. (1) The west‐dipping western margin of the Altiplano is differentiated into segments of the lower sedimentary cover that of increased erosion by tectonic steepening at intermediate levels, and an upper plane with limited erosion. (2) In the central part of the Western Cordillera, the Oxaya ignimbrite block shows a ‘striped’ bulging pattern that results from a smoothly changing surface dip. This pattern is due to continuous folding/warping of the ignimbrite block possibly related to gravitational movements. (3) To the west, large, uniform planes correspond to flat, smooth, tectonically undisturbed surfaces of young sedimentary cover of the Central Basin. (4) The evolution of Taapaca volcanoes with sector collapse events and cone‐building phases is shown by several segments with overlapping clastic aprons. (5) To the east, on the western margin of the Altiplano, young intermontane basins filled by Upper Miocene sediments show progressively increasing dip toward basin margins, reflected by a circular pattern of the segmentation planes. We show that the segmentation models provide meaningful images and additional information for geomorphometric analysis that can be interpreted in terms of geological and surface evolution models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.