Ground-penetrating radar measurements of subsurface structures of lacustrine sediments in the Qaidam Basin (NW China): Possible implications for future in-situ radar experiments on Mars
Ground-penetrating radar measurements of subsurface structures of lacustrine sediments in the Qaidam Basin (NW China): Possible implications for future in-situ radar experiments on Mars
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探地雷达对柴达木盆地（中国西北部）湖泊沉积物地下结构的测量：对未来火星原位雷达实验的可能影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113576
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yue Zongyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meng Xu;Xu Yi;Xiao Long;Dang Yanan;Zhu Peimin;Tang Chi Pui;Zhang Xiaoping;Liu Bing;Gou Sheng;Yue Zongyu
火星上古湖泊的地层剖面保存了过去气候、水文和沉积环境的记录。雷达可用于探测埋藏湖相沉积物的结构和分布。但轨道飞行器雷达探测器很少探测到古代火星湖沉积物的内部结构或底部。未来的火星任务将使用漫游车上的探地雷达（GPR）来调查古湖盆地的浅层地下结构。在这种情况下，需要进行地面实验来测试探地雷达探测的潜力。本研究报告了在柴达木盆地（火星古湖环境的模拟地点之一）进行的 100 MHz 和 200 MHz 探地雷达实验，目的是探测湖泊沉积物的地下结构，并使用实验室仪器和探地雷达数据测量沉积物的相对介电常数。在代表层状湖泊沉积露头的雅丹顶部进行了两次探地雷达测量。另一个勘测地点是多边形图案的地面，这是柴达木盆地和火星上常见的地貌。探地雷达实验结果表明：（1）三个地点的沉积物成分、密度和孔隙度不同，相对介电常数值范围较大，从1.56到4.56； (2)我们测量的探测深度可达20m； (3) 雷达图中可以看到沉积层之间的界面，但由于介电常数值的变化未被检测到或地层厚度较薄，雷达图中的反射体可能并不总是与雅丹露头的暴露地层匹配； (4) 在多边形地形下方观察到明显且连续的反射体，我们将其解释为水/盐水含量低的地下层。我们的地面实验表明，火星车上的类似探地雷达可以探测湖泊沉积物的近地表结构，例如考虑到设计频率接近我们的设备，沉积异常、介电常数剧烈变化的界面（例如埋冰/盐水）。
The stratigraphic profile of paleolakes on Mars preserves a record of past climatic, hydrological and sedimentary environment. Radar could be used to detect the structure and distribution of buried lacustrine sediments. But orbiter radar sounders rarely detect the internal structure or the bottom of the ancient Martian lake deposits. Future Martian missions will employ ground-penetrating radar (GPR) onboard rovers to investigate the shallow subsurface structure of paleolake basins. In this case, ground experiments are necessary to test the potential of GPR detection. This study reports on GPR experiments operating at 100 MHz and 200 MHz carried out in the Qaidam Basin, one of the analogue sites for Martian paleolake environments, to detect the subsurface structure of lacustrine sediments and measure the relative permittivity of sediments with both laboratory instrument and GPR data. Two GPR measurements were performed on top of yardangs representing layered lacustrine sedimentary outcrops. Another survey site is a polygonal patterned ground, which is a common landform in the Qaidam Basin and on Mars. The observations revealed by GPR experiments show that (1) sediments of three sites have varied compositions, density and porosity, and have a wide range of relative permittivity values, from 1.56 to 4.56; (2) the detection depth of our measurements could reach 20 m; (3) The interfaces between sedimentary layers can be seen in radargrams, but reflectors in radargrams may not always match with exposed layers of the yardang outcrops due to the undetected change of permittivity values or thin thickness of layers; (4) A distinct and continuous reflector is observed beneath the polygonal terrain which we interpret as a subsurface layer with low water/brine content. Our ground experiments suggest that a similar GPR on Martian rover could detect the near-surface structure of lacustrine sediments, e.g. deposition anomaly, interfaces of drastic permittivity change such as buried ice/brine considering that the design frequency is close to our equipment.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Long Xiao;Chunzeng Wang
通讯作者：
Long Xiao;Chunzeng Wang
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Acta Geological Sinica
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Nina
通讯作者：
M. Nina
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Goehring;A. Fourriére
通讯作者：
L. Goehring;A. Fourriére
DOI：
10.1144/gsl.sp.1995.087.01.31
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Quantin;J. Carter;P. Thollot;J. Broyer;J. Davis;P. Gringrod;M. Pajola;E. Barrati;S. Rossato;P. Allemand;B. Bultel;C. Leyrat;J. Fernando;A. Ody
通讯作者：
C. Quantin;J. Carter;P. Thollot;J. Broyer;J. Davis;P. Gringrod;M. Pajola;E. Barrati;S. Rossato;P. Allemand;B. Bultel;C. Leyrat;J. Fernando;A. Ody