Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves
Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0909335107
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发表时间：
2010-10-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Williamson, David H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCook, Laurence J.;Ayling, Tony;Williamson, David H.
大堡礁在全球范围内证明了大规模海洋保护区网络在促进综合适应性管理方面的有效性。对现有证据的全面审查表明，禁捕区对珊瑚礁和非珊瑚礁生境中的目标鱼类和鲨鱼具有重大和迅速的好处，对渔业和生物多样性养护具有潜在的好处。像鲨鱼这样的大型移动的物种比小型的定点鱼类受益更少。至关重要的是，保护区似乎也有利于整体生态系统的健康和复原力：在无捕获珊瑚礁上，吃珊瑚的棘冠海星的爆发似乎不那么频繁，因此珊瑚丰富，珊瑚礁生态系统的基础。有效的海洋保护区需要定期审查遵守情况：禁止进入区的鱼类丰度表明，由于偷猎，即使是禁止捕捞区也可能严重枯竭。将区域划分与海底生物多样性或儒艮分布进行比较的空间分析表明，在缺乏数据的情况下，应用最佳做法养护原则可带来重大惠益。2004年海洋保护区网络的扩大影响到渔民，但初步经济分析表明，在保护环境和旅游价值方面，净收益相当可观。相对于珊瑚礁旅游业产生的收入，目前用于保护的支出很少。最近实施的《展望报告》对环境状况和管理进行了定期、正式的审查，并将其与适应性管理的关键方面-政策反应联系起来。鉴于气候变化构成的重大威胁，扩大的海洋保护区网络为加强大堡礁的复原力作出了重要和具有成本效益的贡献。
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) provides a globally significant demonstration of the effectiveness of large-scale networks of marine reserves in contributing to integrated, adaptive management. Comprehensive review of available evidence shows major, rapid benefits of no-take areas for targeted fish and sharks, in both reef and nonreef habitats, with potential benefits for fisheries as well as biodiversity conservation. Large, mobile species like sharks benefit less than smaller, site-attached fish. Critically, reserves also appear to benefit overall ecosystem health and resilience: outbreaks of coral-eating, crown-of-thorns starfish appear less frequent on no-take reefs, which consequently have higher abundance of coral, the very foundation of reef ecosystems. Effective marine reserves require regular review of compliance: fish abundances in no-entry zones suggest that even no-take zones may be significantly depleted due to poaching. Spatial analyses comparing zoning with seabed biodiversity or dugong distributions illustrate significant benefits from application of best-practice conservation principles in data-poor situations. Increases in the marine reserve network in 2004 affected fishers, but preliminary economic analysis suggests considerable net benefits, in terms of protecting environmental and tourism values. Relative to the revenue generated by reef tourism, current expenditure on protection is minor. Recent implementation of an Outlook Report provides regular, formal review of environmental condition and management and links to policy responses, key aspects of adaptive management. Given the major threat posed by climate change, the expanded network of marine reserves provides a critical and cost-effective contribution to enhancing the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef.