Diabetes Care in the School Setting: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
Diabetes Care in the School Setting: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
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DOI：
10.2337/dc15-1418
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Siminerio, Linda M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jackson, Crystal C.;Albanese-O'Neill, Anastasia;Siminerio, Linda M.
糖尿病是儿童期最常见的慢性疾病之一(1)。在美国，大约有 200,000 名 20 岁糖尿病患者 (2)。青年糖尿病研究 (SEARCH) 最近报告称，每 1,000 人（20 岁）中有 1.93 人被诊断患有 1 型糖尿病，从 2001 年到 2009 年增加了 21%。所有种族群体中 1 型糖尿病的患病率均有所增加，但非西班牙裔白人受影响尤为严重。由于 2 型糖尿病很少发生在年龄较小的儿童中，因此其在 20 岁人群中的患病率不易获得。对于 10 至 20 岁青少年中的 2 型糖尿病，SEARCH 研究报告称，各族裔青少年中每 1,000 名 2 型糖尿病患病率为 0.46，从 2001 年到 2009 年增加了 31% (3)。这些统计数据表明儿童糖尿病患病率不断上升，并且对糖尿病管理的需求不断增加。大多数患有糖尿病的年轻人在学校和/或某种类型的儿童保育计划中花费大量时间。训练有素、知识渊博的工作人员对于为糖尿病儿童提供安全的学校和托儿环境至关重要。这包括在上课日、实地考察以及学校环境中所有学校主办的活动以及儿童保育环境中的学前班、日托和营地计划中提供的护理。工作人员在帮助降低糖尿病短期和长期并发症的风险以及确保儿童为学业成功和正常生长发育做好准备方面发挥着关键作用。儿童的父母/监护人和医疗保健提供者应共同努力，向学校系统和儿童保育提供者提供必要的信息，使糖尿病儿童能够充分、安全地参与学校和儿童保育环境的体验 (4-6)。本立场声明的目的是根据美国糖尿病协会 (ADA) 的“2015 年糖尿病医疗护理标准”(6) 和“终生 1 型糖尿病：美国糖尿病协会的立场声明”(7)，为中小学糖尿病学生提供糖尿病管理建议。有关 5 岁幼儿的信息，应审查 ADA 的立场声明“在儿童保育环境中照顾患有糖尿病的幼儿”(8)，以获取针对日托中心、学前班、营地和其他计划等环境的具体建议。
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood (1). There are approximately 200,000 individuals,20 years of age with diabetes in the U. S. (2). The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study recently reported that 1.93 per 1,000 (aged,20 years) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, an increase of 21% from 2001 to 2009. Increases in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes were seen in all ethnic groups, but non-Hispanic whites were disproportionately affected. Because type 2 diabetes rarely occurs in younger children, its prevalence in the population aged, 20 years is not readily available. For type 2 diabetes in youth between 10 and 20 years of age, the SEARCH study reported a prevalence of 0.46 per 1,000 youth of all ethnicities, an increase of 31% from 2001 to 2009 (3). These statistics demonstrate the rising prevalence of diabetes in children and the increased need for diabetes management. The majority of young people with diabetes spend many hours at school and/or in some type of child care program. Trained and knowledgeable staff are essential to provide a safe school and child care environment for children with diabetes. This includes the provision of care during the school day, field trips, and all school-sponsored activities in the school setting and in preschool, day care, and camp programs in the child care setting. Staff play a critical role in helping to reduce the risk of short-and long-term complications of diabetes and ensuring that children are well-positioned for academic success and normal growth and development. The child's parents/guardians and health care provider(s) should work together to provide school systems and child care providers with the information necessary to enable children with diabetes to participate fully and safely in the school and child care setting experiences (4-6). The purpose of this position statement is to provide the diabetes management recommendations for students with diabetes in the elementary and secondary school settings based on the American Diabetes Association's (ADA's) " Standards of Medical Care in Diabetesd2015" (6) and " Type 1 Diabetes Through the Life Span: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association" (7). For information on young children aged, 5 years, ADA's position statement " Care of Young ChildrenWith Diabetes in the Child Care Setting" (8) should be reviewed for specific recommendations for settings such as day care centers, preschools, camps, and other programs.