067UD Evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection
067UD Evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0602530103
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发表时间：
2006-07-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nowak, Martin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Traulsen, Arne;Nowak, Martin A.
我们提出了一种多级（或组）选择的极简随机模型。人口被细分为不同的群体。个体与群体中的其他成员在一场进化游戏中互动，这决定了他们的适应性。个体繁殖，后代被添加到同一群体中。如果一个群体达到一定规模，它可以分裂成两个。个体繁殖速度越快，群体规模越大，分裂越频繁。在我们的模型中，更高层次的选择是个体繁殖和种群结构的副产品。我们通过群体选择推导出合作演化的基本条件：如果 b/c > 1 + n/m，则群体选择有利于合作。参数b和c表示利他行为的收益和成本，而n和m表示最大群体规模和群体数量。该模型可以扩展到两个以上的选择级别并包括迁移。
We propose a minimalist stochastic model of multilevel (or group) selection. A population is subdivided into groups. Individuals interact with other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. Individuals reproduce, and offspring are added to the same group. If a group reaches a certain size, it can split into two. Faster reproducing individuals lead to larger groups that split more often. In our model, higher-level selection emerges as a byproduct of individual reproduction and population structure. We derive a fundamental condition for the evolution of cooperation by group selection: if b/c > 1 + n/m, then group selection favors cooperation. The parameters b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas n and m denote the maximum group size and the number of groups. The model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and to include migration.