Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration.
Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration.
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优化成体干细胞治疗组织再生的策略
DOI：
10.3390/ijms17060982
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发表时间：
2016-06-21
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu S;Zhou J;Zhang X;Liu Y;Chen J;Hu B;Song J;Zhang Y
干细胞治疗的目的是在先天性缺陷、组织损伤、自身免疫性疾病和神经源性退行性疾病中用健康的功能细胞替换受损或老化的细胞。在各种类型的干细胞中，成体干细胞（即，组织特异性干细胞）致力于从它们的起源组织变成功能性细胞。这些细胞是基于细胞的治疗中最常用的，因为它们不会带来畸胎瘤的风险，不需要胎儿干细胞操作，因此没有伦理问题，并且它们具有低免疫原性（即使是同种异体的）。本文综述了干细胞治疗在实体器官组织修复中的应用现状和进展。在这里，我们解决关键因素，在细胞制备，如来源的成体干细胞，最佳细胞类型的植入（通用间充质干细胞与组织特异性干细胞，或诱导干细胞与非诱导干细胞），干细胞的早期或晚期传代，干细胞与内源性或外源性生长因子，干细胞的预处理（缺氧、生长因子或条件培养基），使用各种控释系统来递送生长因子与水凝胶或微球，以提供干细胞及其小生境的适当相互作用。我们还回顾了几种影响细胞治疗结果的细胞递送方法，包括细胞给药的适当途径（全身、静脉内或腹膜内vs.局部给药），细胞治疗的时机（损伤后立即相对于几天），单次注射大量细胞相对于多次较小的注射，单个注射部位与多个注射部位，以及使用啮齿动物与较大动物模型。还讨论了基于干细胞的治疗的未来方向，以指导潜在的临床应用。
Stem cell therapy aims to replace damaged or aged cells with healthy functioning cells in congenital defects, tissue injuries, autoimmune disorders, and neurogenic degenerative diseases. Among various types of stem cells, adult stem cells (i.e., tissue-specific stem cells) commit to becoming the functional cells from their tissue of origin. These cells are the most commonly used in cell-based therapy since they do not confer risk of teratomas, do not require fetal stem cell maneuvers and thus are free of ethical concerns, and they confer low immunogenicity (even if allogenous). The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of the art and advances in using stem cell therapy for tissue repair in solid organs. Here we address key factors in cell preparation, such as the source of adult stem cells, optimal cell types for implantation (universal mesenchymal stem cells vs. tissue-specific stem cells, or induced vs. non-induced stem cells), early or late passages of stem cells, stem cells with endogenous or exogenous growth factors, preconditioning of stem cells (hypoxia, growth factors, or conditioned medium), using various controlled release systems to deliver growth factors with hydrogels or microspheres to provide apposite interactions of stem cells and their niche. We also review several approaches of cell delivery that affect the outcomes of cell therapy, including the appropriate routes of cell administration (systemic, intravenous, or intraperitoneal vs. local administration), timing for cell therapy (immediate vs. a few days after injury), single injection of a large number of cells vs. multiple smaller injections, a single site for injection vs. multiple sites and use of rodents vs. larger animal models. Future directions of stem cell-based therapies are also discussed to guide potential clinical applications.