Mitochondrial energy and redox signaling in plants.
Mitochondrial energy and redox signaling in plants.
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DOI：
10.1089/ars.2012.5104
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发表时间：
2013-06
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
M. Schwarzländer;I. Finkemeier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Schwarzländer;I. Finkemeier
对于植物的生长和发展来说，能源和适当的积木是一个基本要求。线粒体呼吸是两者的重要来源。组成呼吸作用的微妙的氧化还原过程受到植物不断变化的环境的影响。因此，线粒体的调节对于维持细胞内环境的稳定至关重要。这涉及到从线粒体生理变化中感知信号，传递这些信息，并通过直接调整线粒体和细胞功能或重新编程基因表达来增加定制的反应。近年来，线粒体信号控制核基因表达的逆行(RTG)信号已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域。然而，目前还不清楚线粒体RTG信号通路在植物中的存在。本文综述了近年来作为植物线粒体RTG信号一部分的氧化还原过程和其他生物能量因子的研究进展。关键问题对线粒体生理学和氧化还原调节的新见解提供了上游信号的框架。另一方面，对线粒体功能改变的下游反应已经成为可能，包括转录数据和线粒体表型，揭示了植物中受线粒体控制的过程。将未来的方向与动物系统中的叶绿体信号和线粒体信号相比较，可以弥合目前理解中的差距，并为未来的研究推断出有希望的方向。有人提出，有针对性地使用新的技术手段，如体内定量成像，将为剖析植物线粒体信号提供新的杠杆。
SIGNIFICANCE For a plant to grow and develop, energy and appropriate building blocks are a fundamental requirement. Mitochondrial respiration is a vital source for both. The delicate redox processes that make up respiration are affected by the plant's changing environment. Therefore, mitochondrial regulation is critically important to maintain cellular homeostasis. This involves sensing signals from changes in mitochondrial physiology, transducing this information, and mounting tailored responses, by either adjusting mitochondrial and cellular functions directly or reprogramming gene expression. RECENT ADVANCES Retrograde (RTG) signaling, by which mitochondrial signals control nuclear gene expression, has been a field of very active research in recent years. Nevertheless, no mitochondrial RTG-signaling pathway is yet understood in plants. This review summarizes recent advances toward elucidating redox processes and other bioenergetic factors as a part of RTG signaling of plant mitochondria. CRITICAL ISSUES Novel insights into mitochondrial physiology and redox-regulation provide a framework of upstream signaling. On the other end, downstream responses to modified mitochondrial function have become available, including transcriptomic data and mitochondrial phenotypes, revealing processes in the plant that are under mitochondrial control. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Drawing parallels to chloroplast signaling and mitochondrial signaling in animal systems allows to bridge gaps in the current understanding and to deduce promising directions for future research. It is proposed that targeted usage of new technical approaches, such as quantitative in vivo imaging, will provide novel leverage to the dissection of plant mitochondrial signaling.