The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review
The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review
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DOI：
10.1079/phn2005936
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Obrador, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bach, A;Serra-Majem, L;Obrador, B
本文的目的是回顾一些流行病学研究用来评估人口坚持地中海饮食模式的方法。在这些方法中，饮食指数试图根据传统的地中海参考模式对饮食质量进行全面评价，该模式被描述为先验的，一般的和定性的。因此，地中海饮食指数通过一个单一的分数来总结饮食，该分数来自不同成分的功能，例如食物，食物组或食物和营养素的组合。经审查的评价方法可根据其计算方式分为三类：（1）那些基于积极或消极的评分的组成部分，（2）那些添加或subsidered标准化的组成部分，（3）那些基于组成部分之间的比例。饮食评分已被用来探索地中海饮食之间的多重关联，作为一个整体，和健康参数，如预期寿命或肥胖症、心血管疾病和某些类型的癌症的发病率。此外，这些指数也是衡量食物消费趋势和确定相关因素的有用工具，以及制定全面的公共卫生营养标准。如果要更准确地衡量地中海饮食模式的坚持程度，则需要对地中海饮食进行更精确和定量的定义。地中海饮食指数的其他方面也应该考虑在内，如包括典型的地中海食物，如坚果和鱼，以及通过使用生物标志物验证饮食模式方法。
The purpose of this paper is to review some of the methods that several epidemiological studies use to evaluate the adherence of a population to the Mediterranean diet pattern. Among these methods, diet indexes attempt to make a global evaluation of the quality of the diet based on a traditional Mediterranean reference pattern, described as a priori, general and qualitative. The Mediterranean diet indexes, hence, summarise the diet by means of a single score that results from a function of different components, such as food, food groups or a combination of foods and nutrients. The reviewed evaluation methods can be classified into three categories depending on the way they are calculated: (1) those based on a positive or negative scoring of the components, (2) those that add or substract standardised components, and (3) those that are based on a ratio between components.Dietary scores have been used to explore the multiple associations between the Mediterranean diet, as an integral entity, and health parameters such as life expectancy or the incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancers. Moreover, these indexes are also useful tools to measure food consumption trends and to identify the involved factors, as well as to develop comprehensive public health nutrition recommendations.A more precise and quantitative definition of the Mediterranean diet is required if the adherence to such a dietary pattern is intended to be more accurately measured. Other aspects of the Mediterranean diet indexes should also be taken into account, like the inclusion of typical Mediterranean foods such as nuts and fish and the validation of the dietary pattern approach by using biomarkers.