Multiple loci linked to inversions are associated with eye size variation in species of the Drosophila virilis phylad
Multiple loci linked to inversions are associated with eye size variation in species of the Drosophila virilis phylad
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-69719-z
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Micael Reis;Gordon Wiegleb;J. Claude;Rodrigo Lata;Britta Horchler;N. Ha;C. Reimer;C. Vieira;J. Vieira;Nico Posnien
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文献类型：
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作者：
Micael Reis;Gordon Wiegleb;J. Claude;Rodrigo Lata;Britta Horchler;N. Ha;C. Reimer;C. Vieira;J. Vieira;Nico Posnien
器官的大小和形状受到严格控制，以实现最佳功能。自然形态的变化往往代表着对不断变化的环境的功能性适应。例如，头部形态的变异在昆虫中是普遍存在的，而在果蝇属中，黑腹类物种的潜在分子基础也开始被揭示出来。然而，目前尚不清楚在更长的时间范围内，类似的多样化是否由类似或不同的分子机制控制。为了解决这个问题，我们使用了种的thefirilisphylad，因为他们已经从D。至少有4000万年了。我们的综合形态调查显示，这些物种之间的眼睛大小和头部形状的显着差异与D。novamexicana有最小的眼睛和southernD.美洲人的眼睛最大。我们发现，眼睛大小变化的遗传结构是复杂的，位于大多数染色体上的多个相关的遗传变异。我们的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）强烈表明，一些推定的致病变异与倒位的存在有关。事实上，D. americanashare derived inversion with D.有趣的是，我们观察到，在与表现型差异相关的染色体区域与那些表现出高分化的染色体区域相交后，第4染色体上参与眼睛发育的基因显著富集。americanapopulations.我们建议，染色体倒位相关的变异有助于内和种间的眼睛大小的thevirilisphylad物种之间的变化。
The size and shape of organs is tightly controlled to achieve optimal function. Natural morphological variations often represent functional adaptations to an ever-changing environment. For instance, variation in head morphology is pervasive in insects and the underlying molecular basis is starting to be revealed in theDrosophilagenus for species of themelanogastergroup. However, it remains unclear whether similar diversifications are governed by similar or different molecular mechanisms over longer timescales. To address this issue, we used species of thevirilisphylad because they have been diverging fromD. melanogasterfor at least 40 million years. Our comprehensive morphological survey revealed remarkable differences in eye size and head shape among these species withD. novamexicanahaving the smallest eyes and southernD. americanapopulations having the largest eyes. We show that the genetic architecture underlying eye size variation is complex with multiple associated genetic variants located on most chromosomes. Our genome wide association study (GWAS) strongly suggests that some of the putative causative variants are associated with the presence of inversions. Indeed, northern populations ofD. americanashare derived inversions withD. novamexicanaand they show smaller eyes compared to southern ones.Intriguingly, we observed a significant enrichment of genes involved in eye development on the4thchromosome after intersecting chromosomal regions associated with phenotypic differences with those showing high differentiation amongD. americanapopulations. We propose that variants associated with chromosomal inversions contribute to both intra- and interspecific variation in eye size among species of thevirilisphylad.