Do First Impressions of Autistic Adults Differ Between Autistic and Nonautistic Observers?
Do First Impressions of Autistic Adults Differ Between Autistic and Nonautistic Observers?
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DOI：
10.1089/aut.2019.0018
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Sasson, Noah J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeBrabander, Kilee M.;Morrison, Kerrianne E.;Sasson, Noah J.
背景资料：自闭症成年人从典型发育（TD）成年人那里得到不利的第一印象，但当TD成年人意识到他们的诊断时，这些印象会得到改善。然而，尚不清楚自闭症成年人如何形成对其他自闭症成年人的第一印象，以及他们的印象是否同样受到诊断意识的影响。方法：在本研究中，32名自闭症患者和32名TD成年人观看了20名TD和20名自闭症成年人的简短视频，这些视频显示了他们的诊断状态或没有诊断状态，并对他们的性格特征和他们在与他们互动时的兴趣进行了评价。结果：研究结果表明，自闭症评分共享TD的倾向，以评估自闭症成人不如TD成人，但这些判断并没有减少他们的社会兴趣与自闭症成人互动，因为他们为TD评分。此外，告知评估者自闭症成年人的诊断状态并没有像对TD评估者那样改善自闭症评估者的第一印象，这表明自闭症评估者在没有提供诊断时已经推断出他们的自闭症状态，或者他们的印象形成受到一个人的诊断意识的影响较小。总的说来，这些结果表明，自闭症观察者对自闭症成年人的特质推断与TD观察者的推断相当-这表明他们在感知和解释TD和自闭症呈现风格之间不同的社会意义时具有相似的敏感性-但与TD对应者不同，这些特质判断不被认为是对随后的社会交往的障碍，并且无论诊断披露如何，这些特质判断都是相对一致的。
Background: Autistic adults receive unfavorable first impressions from typically developing (TD) adults, but these impressions improve when TD adults are made aware of their diagnosis. It remains unclear, however, how autistic adults form first impressions of other autistic adults, and whether their impressions are similarly affected by diagnostic awareness.Methods: In this study, 32 autistic and 32 TD adults viewed brief videos of 20 TD and 20 autistic adults presented either with or without their diagnostic status and rated them on character traits and their interest in interacting with them in the future.Results: Findings indicated that autistic raters shared the TD tendency to evaluate autistic adults less favorably than TD adults, but these judgments did not reduce their social interest for interacting with autistic adults as they did for TD raters. Furthermore, informing raters of the diagnostic status of autistic adults did not improve first impressions for autistic raters as they did for TD raters, suggesting that autistic raters either already inferred their autism status when no diagnosis was provided or their impression formation is less affected by awareness of a person's diagnosis.Conclusions: Collectively, these results demonstrate that autistic observers make trait inferences about autistic adults comparable with those made by TD observers-suggesting a similar sensitivity to perceiving and interpreting social signifiers that differ between TD and autistic presentation styles-but unlike their TD counterparts, these trait judgments are not perceived as an impediment to subsequent social interaction and are relatively consistent regardless of diagnostic disclosure.