METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FROST RINGS IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN BRISTLECONE PINE AT MT. GOLIATH, COLORADO
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FROST RINGS IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN BRISTLECONE PINE AT MT. GOLIATH, COLORADO
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DOI：
10.3959/1536-1098-75.2.101
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发表时间：
2019-08
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
A. Barbosa;D. Stahle;D. Burnette;M. Torbenson;E. Cook;Matthew J. Bunkers;G. Garfin;R. Villalba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Barbosa;D. Stahle;D. Burnette;M. Torbenson;E. Cook;Matthew J. Bunkers;G. Garfin;R. Villalba
摘要 落基山狐尾松 (Pinus aristata) 早材霜环形成所涉及的气象因素尚未得到详细描述。这项研究使用了 51 棵年轮可追溯至落基山狐尾松树，生长时间约为 10 年。海拔 3500 米在科罗拉多州歌利亚山，开发 1930 年至 2010 年早材和晚材霜冻年表，以调查导致这些不寻常的生长季节冻结事件的区域和大规模天气异常。科罗拉多州尼沃特岭的高海拔气象站被用来记录每日温度异常，这很可能与这些霜冻损坏的环有关。 NCEP-NCAR 再分析数据用于检查在这些不寻常的生长季节温度条件下往往普遍存在的天气气象条件。早林霜环发生在科罗拉多落基山脉五月下旬和六月的异常冰冻事件期间，与非季节性中纬度环流有关，包括深层上层低压系统和寒冷的地表气温渗透到美国中西部。三个晚材霜环均发生在九月冰冻事件期间，也与非季节性和高度放大的中纬度环流有关。这些早期和晚期生长季冻结事件的时间顺序可以为通过再分析技术估计的每日最低温度提供有用的独立检查，并且由于落基山狐尾松的伟大年龄，它们可以延伸到仪器仪表出现之前的时代。歌利亚山狐尾松的霜害似乎在大冰斗下方凹陷的林线中发现的幼树中最为频繁和严重，受到强烈的冷空气排水。因此，对过去冰冻事件最详细的树木年轮记录的开发可能受益于这些冷空气排水系统的地点选择，以及按年龄分层的树木采样，以确保年轻和最易受霜冻影响的年龄层在整个年代中得到很好的体现。
ABSTRACT The meteorological factors involved in the formation of earlywood frost rings in Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) have not been described in detail. This study used 51 tree-ring dated Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine trees growing at ca. 3500 m a.s.l. on Mt. Goliath, Colorado, to develop earlywood and latewood frost ring chronologies dating from 1930 to 2010 for investigation of the regional and large-scale weather anomalies responsible for these unusual growing season freeze events. The high-elevation meteorological station at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, was used to document the daily temperature anomalies most likely associated with these frost-damaged rings. NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis data were used to examine the synoptic meteorological conditions that tend to prevail during these unusual growing season temperature conditions. Earlywood frost rings occur during anomalous late-May and June freeze events in the Colorado Rockies associated with unseasonal mid-latitude circulation, including the penetration of a deep upper-level low pressure system and cold surface air temperatures into the west-central United States. The three latewood frost rings all occurred during September freeze events also associated with unseasonal and highly amplified mid-latitude circulation. The chronology of these early and late growing season freeze events may provide a useful independent check on daily temperature minima estimated with reanalysis techniques, and they can be extended into the pre-instrumental era thanks to the great age of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine. Frost damage in Mt. Goliath bristlecone pine appears to be most frequent and severe in young trees found in the depressed tree line below a large cirque subject to intense cold air drainage. The development of the most detailed tree-ring records of past freeze events may therefore benefit from site selection in these cold air drainages, along with age-stratified tree sampling to ensure that the young and most frost susceptible age classes are well represented throughout the chronology.