Open access transport models: A leverage point in sustainable transport planning
Open access transport models: A leverage point in sustainable transport planning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.06.015
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Cohen, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovelace, Robin;Parkin, John;Cohen, Tom
越来越多的证据表明，交通系统需要进行根本性的变革，以解决空气污染、缺乏身体活动和气候变化等问题。交通模型可以在交通规划过程中发挥重要作用，解决这些问题，但它们历来侧重于机动化模式（特别是汽车），只有专业的交通规划人员在现有的范式工作。基于开放获取软件的原则，首先在地理信息系统的背景下开发，本文开发和讨论了开放获取运输模型的概念，我们将其定义为使用开放源代码软件开发的模型，可供公众使用，而无需专业培训或购买软件许可证。我们探索开放获取交通模式的未来潜力，以支持交通部门从化石燃料过渡。我们这样做是参考文献中使用的工具在规划过程中，并通过探索一个例子，已经在使用：“倾向于周期工具”用途：。我们的结论是，开放获取交通模型可以在规划过程中发挥杠杆作用，因为它们能够提供强大，透明和可操作的证据，可供一系列利益相关者使用，而不仅仅是专业的交通规划师。开放式交通模式是一种颠覆性技术，值得规划人员、研究人员和公民科学家，包括开放源码软件开发人员和倡导团体进一步研究和开发，但为了发挥其潜力，它们需要政府机构提供财政和政策支持。
A large and growing body of evidence suggests fundamental changes are needed in transport systems, to tackle issues such as air pollution, physical inactivity and climate change. Transport models can play a major role in tackling these issues through the transport planning process, but they have historically been focussed on motorised modes (especially cars) and available only to professional transport planners working within the existing paradigm. Building on the principles of open access software, first developed in the context of geographic information systems, this paper develops and discusses the concept of open access transport models, which we define as models that are both developed using open source software and are available to be used by the public without the need for specialist training or the purchase of software licences. We explore the future potential of open access transport models to support the transition away from fossil fuels in the transport sector. We do this with reference to the literature on the use of tools in the planning process, and by exploring an example that is already in use: the 'Propensity to Cycle Tool'. We conclude that open access transport models can be a leverage point in the planning process due to their ability to provide robust, transparent and actionable evidence that is available to a range of stakeholders, not just professional transport planners. Open access transport models represent a disruptive technology deserving further research and development, by planners, researchers and citizen scientists, including open source software developers and advocacy groups but, in order to fulfil their potential, they will require both financial and policy support from government bodies.