Zur Evidenz regionaler Determinanten im Kontext individueller Gründungsaktivitäten
Zur Evidenz regionaler Determinanten im Kontext individueller Gründungsaktivitäten
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个体关系中的证据区域决定因素
DOI：
10.1515/zfw-2005-0004
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Wagner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rolf Sternberg;J. Wagner
创业活动的区域决定因素：来自区域创业监测的经验证据。本文有两个目的。首先，我们打算从经验上解释个人和他/她生活的地区的特征如何影响这个人创业的倾向。其次，我们测试了区域特征的其他因素效应，即如果一个人控制住在那里的人的特征。虽然已有许多研究考虑区域综合数据来解释区域启动率，但迄今为止，经济地理学家和区域经济学家很少使用个别和（综合）区域数据的多层次分析。我们的计量经济学研究基于对德国11个规划地区的人口进行代表性调查的1.2万人的数据，区域创业监测（REM）。我们使用logit模型的一个版本，该模型考虑了成为新生企业家的罕见事件性质，以及数据的区域分层。我们发现，男性、家庭中至少有一人是个体经营者的人、在一家年轻的小公司工作的人、以及拥有大量专业经验的人，从事自主创业的倾向更高，而年龄较大的人、以及认为害怕失败是不自主创业的理由的人，这一倾向较低。这些发现与我们的理论先验一致。就区域变量而言，与个体创业倾向之间没有稳定的关系。本文的最后一部分讨论了这一结果的原因，以及从经济地理学角度研究创业的后果。
Regional determinants of entrepreneurial activities: Empirical evidence from the Regional Entrepreneurship Monitor. This papers has two aims. First we intend to explain empirically how the characteristics of an individual and of the region he/she lives influence the propensity of this individual to start a business. Second, we test for the ceteris paribus effect of regional characteristics, i.e. if one controls for the characteristics of the people who live there. While many studies exist which consider regional aggegrated data to explain regional start-up rates, multilevel analysis with both individual and (aggregated) regional data is rarely used so far among economic geographers and regional economists. Our econometric study is based on data for 12.000 persons from a representative survey of the population in eleven German planning regions, the Regional Entrepreneurship Monitor (REM). We use a version of the logit model that takes the rare events nature of becoming a nascent entrepreneur, and the regional stratification of the data, into account. We find that the propensity to step into self-employment is higher for males, for persons with at least one self-employed in the family, for those who work(ed) in a young and small firm, and for people with a larger number of fields of professional experience, while it is lower for older people, and for people who consider the fear of failure a reason not to start their own business. These findings are in line with our theoretical priors. As regards the regional variables, no stable relationship with the individual propensity to step into self-employment turns up. Reasons for this result, and consequences for an economic geography perspective of entrepreneurship research, are discussed in the final section of the paper.