Diverse origins of waxy foxtail millet crops in East and Southeast Asia mediated by multiple transposable element insertions
Diverse origins of waxy foxtail millet crops in East and Southeast Asia mediated by multiple transposable element insertions
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DOI：
10.1007/s00438-005-0013-8
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Kato, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawase, M;Fukunaga, K;Kato, K
谷子和其他谷物（如大米和大麦）的天然蜡质和低直链淀粉变体起源于东亚和东南亚，是人类对粘性食物的选择。已知颗粒结合淀粉合成酶1的GBSS1基因突变与这些性状相关。我们分析了谷子中的基因，发现在这个物种中，这些性状是由转座因子的多个独立插入和随后的二次插入这些因子或部分因子的缺失引起的。转座元件的结构分析表明，非糯性转化为低直链淀粉表型1次，而从非糯性到糯性的转变发生3次，从低直链淀粉到糯性1次，从糯性到低直链淀粉1次。目前的研究结果，以及不同蜡质分子类型的地理分布，强烈表明，这些类型的起源独立，并分散到其目前的分布区。这里揭示的GBSS1变异模式表明，谷子可能是解决亚洲蜡质型谷物起源之谜的关键。谷子中的GBSS1基因提供了一个新的例子，说明在人类选择的影响下，参与驯化过程及其驯化后命运的基因的进化。
The naturally occurring waxy and low-amylose variants of foxtail millet and other cereals, like rice and barley, originated in East and Southeast Asia under human selection for sticky foods. Mutations in the GBSS1 gene for granule-bound starch synthase 1 are known to be associated with these traits. We have analyzed the gene in foxtail millet, and found that, in this species, these traits were originated by multiple independent insertions of transposable elements and by subsequent secondary insertions into these elements or deletion of parts of the elements. The structural analysis of transposable elements inserted in the GBSS1 gene revealed that the non-waxy was converted to the low-amylose phenotype once, while shifts from non-waxy to waxy occurred three times, from low amylose to waxy once and from waxy to low amylose once. The present results, and the geographical distribution of different waxy molecular types, strongly suggest that these types originated independently and were dispersed into their current distribution areas. The patterns of GBSS1 variation revealed here suggest that foxtail millet may serve as a key to solving the mystery of the origin of waxy-type cereals in Asia. The GBSS1 gene in foxtail millet provides a new example of the evolution of a gene involved in the processes of domestication and its post-domestication fate under the influence of human selection.