Dynamics of in vivo power output and efficiency of Nasonia asynchronous flight muscle
Dynamics of in vivo power output and efficiency of Nasonia asynchronous flight muscle
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.12.008
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发表时间：
2006-06-25
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Heymann, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lehmann, Fritz-Olaf;Heymann, Nicole
通过同时测量空气动力学性能、翅膀运动学和代谢活动，我们估计了三种外寄生蜂Nasonia属（N. giraulti、新几内亚蟹N.长角的和N. vitripennis）。0.6 mg动物在系留飞行条件下在飞行模拟器中飞行，该飞行模拟器允许通过采用开环视觉刺激技术调节功率产生。在最大运动能力下，Nasonia的飞行肌肉能够维持72.2 +/- 118.3 W kg（-1）的肌肉机械功率，化学机械转换效率约为9.8 +/-10.9%。在运动系统的工作范围内，飞行的剖面功率要求占主导地位的诱导功率要求，这表明克服翼阻力的成本对整体飞行性能的主要限制。由于惯性功率仅为诱导功率和剖面功率要求之和的约25%，因此纳苏尼亚属物种（Nasonia spp.）在机翼减速阶段可能不会受益于弹性能量存储。翅膀大小多态男性之间的比较表明，翅膀大小的减少是伴随着总飞行肌肉体积，肌肉质量比机械功率的生产，和总飞行效率的下降。在小翅膀的动物中，最大的总飞行效率低于0.5%。这里报道的空气动力学和功率估计值与以前报道的果蝇在类似的实验条件下飞行的值相当，而小黄蜂的肌肉效率更接近于各种其他昆虫公布的值的低端。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
By simultaneously measuring aerodynamic performance, wing kinematics, and metabolic activity, we have estimated the in vivo limits of mechanical power production and efficiency of the asynchronous flight muscle (IFM) in three species of ectoparasitoid wasps genus Nasonia (N. giraulti, N. longicornis. and N. vitripennis). The 0.6 mg animals were flown under tethered flight conditions in a flight simulator that allowed modulation of power production by employing an open-loop visual stimulation technique. At maximum locomotor capacity, flight muscles of Nasonia are capable to sustain 72.2 +/- 118.3 W kg(-1) muscle mechanical power at a chemo-mechanical conversion efficiency of approximately 9.8 +/- 10.9%. Within the working range of the locomotor system, profile power requirement for flight dominates induced power requirement suggesting that the cost to overcome wing drag places the primary limit on overall flight performance. Since inertial power is only approximately 25% of the sum of induced and profile power requirements, Nasonia spp. may not benefit from elastic energy storage during wing deceleration phases. A comparison between wing size-polymorphic males revealed that wing size reduction is accompanied by a decrease in total flight muscle volume, muscle mass-specific mechanical power production, and total flight efficiency. In animals with small wings maximum total flight efficiency is below 0.5%. The aerodynamic and power estimates reported here for Nasonia are comparable to values reported previously for the fruit fly Drosophila flying under similar experimental conditions, while muscle efficiency of the tiny wasp is more at the lower end of values published for various other insects. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.