Engine maps of fuel use and emissions from transient driving cycles
Engine maps of fuel use and emissions from transient driving cycles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.175
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Boies, Adam M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bishop, Justin D. K.;Stettler, Marc E. J.;Boies, Adam M.
空气污染问题在世界各地的许多城市仍然存在，尽管在标准化驾驶周期上进行测试时，车辆标准污染物的监管排放量大幅减少。欧盟和美国的新车辆排放法规要求使用OBD和便携式排放测量系统(PEMS)来确认车辆在道路运行期间符合规定的限制。由此产生的在用测试将产生一系列车辆的大量OBD和PEMS数据。如果使用得当，OBD和PEMS数据的可用性可以使人们更深入地了解现实世界排放的性质，并允许对车辆的能源使用和排放进行详细的建模。本文介绍了一种使用这些数据来创建发动机燃料使用和一氧化二氮(NO)、二氧化碳(CO2)和一氧化碳(CO)排放的地图的方法。使用ADVISOR动力总成模拟工具，可在行驶周期内模拟有效传动比、变速箱变速箱包络、候选发动机地图和一组车辆配置。这一方法在三辆汽车、一辆卡车和两辆客车上进行了演示--在车辆测功机上进行了测试，另一辆在PEMS驱动下进行了测试：最佳车辆配置和相关地图能够以每秒为基础再现观察到的燃料使用量和排放量的形状和大小。总体而言，在三个测试案例中，总的模拟燃料使用和排放都在观测值的5%以内。通过创建冷启动图和隔离尾气排放减排技术的性能，证明了该方法适用于其他目的。这项工作的潜力不仅限于创建车辆发动机地图，以便能够调查以下方面：排放热点；真实世界的排放系数；以及使用模拟的车辆在任何行驶周期内每秒的排放建立准确的空气质量模型。(C)2016年提交人。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。
Air pollution problems persist in many cities throughout the world, despite drastic reductions in regulated emissions of criteria pollutants from vehicles when tested on standardised driving cycles. New vehicle emissions regulations in the European Union and United States require the use of OBD and portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) to confirm vehicles meet specified limits during on-road operation. The resultant in-use testing will yield a large amount of OBD and PEMS data across a range of vehicles. If used properly, the availability of OBD and PEMS data could enable greater insight into the nature of real-world emissions and allow detailed modelling of vehicle energy use and emissions. This paper presents a methodology to use this data to create engine maps of fuel use and emissions of nitrous oxides (NO,), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Effective gear ratios, gearbox shift envelopes, candidate engine maps and a set of vehicle configurations are simulated over driving cycles using the ADVISOR powertrain simulation tool. This method is demonstrated on three vehicles one truck and two passenger cars - tested on a vehicle dynamometer and one driven with a PEMS: The optimum vehicle configuration and associated maps were able to reproduce the shape and magnitude of observed fuel use and emissions on a per second basis. In general, total simulated fuel use and emissions were within 5% of observed values across the three test cases. The fitness of this method for other purposes was demonstrated by creating cold start maps and isolating the performance of tailpipe emissions reduction technologies. The potential of this work extends beyond the creation of vehicle engine maps to allow investigations into: emissions hot spots; real-world emissions factors; and accurate air quality modelling using simulated per second emissions from vehicles operating in over any driving cycle. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.