Hurricane Events, Population Displacement, and Sheltering Provision in the United States
Hurricane Events, Population Displacement, and Sheltering Provision in the United States
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000064
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sapat, Alka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell, Christine M.;Esnard, Ann-Margaret;Sapat, Alka
流离失所历来被视为发展中国家或不稳定国家的冲突或其他破坏造成的现象。卡特里娜飓风打破了这一概念，突出了美国人口流离失所的各种困境。本文重点讨论了安德鲁、卡特里娜和艾克飓风过后灾后避难所和住房的困境。方法和数据来源包括对学术实证研究的回顾、对飓风后通过的主要法律和法规的LIGHT-Nexis搜索、国会调查和证词以及报纸文章。有证据表明，在住房回收过程中，政策反应和方案变化是灵活但临时的。鉴于在恢复过程中遇到的问题以及对流离失所问题缺乏重视，建议将一种过程方法纳入目前的做法，以便：（1）认识到灾害造成的流离失所者，并为他们的不同需求制定计划;（2）在所有规模上整合机构方案拟订工作;以及（3）实施一个整体而精简的程序，为灾害所致流离失所者提供服务。DOI：10.1061/（ASCE）NH.1527-6996.0000064。(C)2012年美国土木工程师学会。
Displacement has traditionally been conceptualized as a phenomenon that results from conflict or other disruptions in developing or unstable countries. Hurricane Katrina shattered this notion and highlighted the various dilemmas of population displacement in the United States. This paper focuses on the dilemma of postdisaster sheltering and housing as experienced after Hurricanes Andrew, Katrina, and Ike. Methodology and data sources include a review of scholarly empirical research, a Lexis-Nexis search of major laws and regulations passed after the hurricanes, congressional investigations and testimonies, and newspaper articles. Evidence is found of flexible but ad hoc policy response and programmatic changes during the housing recovery process. Given the problems experienced during the recovery process and the lack of attention paid to displacement issues, recommendations are made toward integrating a process approach into current practices to: (1) recognize disaster-induced displaced persons and plan for their differential needs; (2) integrate agency programming at all scales; and (3) implement a holistic yet streamlined process to provide services to disaster-induced displaced persons. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000064. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.