New electro-optical mixing and correlating sensor: facilities and applications of the photonic mixer device (PMD)
New electro-optical mixing and correlating sensor: facilities and applications of the photonic mixer device (PMD)
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新型电光混频相关传感器：光子混频器件（PMD）的设施和应用
DOI：
10.1117/12.287751
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Juergen Schulte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Schwarte;Zhanping Xu;H. Heinol;J. Olk;Ruediger Klein;B. Buxbaum;H. Fischer;Juergen Schulte
本文介绍了一种新的电光调制器（EOM）的第一个硬件实现和研究，称为光子混频器设备（PMD）。PMD是一种结合了快速光学传感和调制特性的半导体器件。排列成PMD矩阵，它看起来像CCD矩阵，但另外使用适当调制的场景照明提供每个图像像素的深度信息。除了通过时间相关的3D成像的这个特征之外，PMD芯片将通过空间相关的方式实现片上2D图像处理。将描述PMD的操作原理、实现的可能技术、设施和应用。这种新设备提供了高潜力的光学传感系统，由于一个令人惊讶的简单和强大的程序的电光混合和相关。CCD和CMOS都是合适的技术。后者将被视为一个单元件的光子混频器设备详细。在这里，我们提出了几种架构-包括两个象限（2 Q）-PMD-读出和预处理电路，相位resp，飞行时间值和像素强度。将PMD像素布置到PMD线或PMD矩阵将提供基于飞行时间的新一代灵活且强大的固态3D相机。根据EOM原理，所提出的2D混频器不需要额外的光学器件，不需要宽带电子放大器和混频器。这种固态PMD阵列提供了更独特的设施，例如，执行高达GHz范围的高速空间光调制或光CDMA通信。PMD的调制特性是该混频器的一个重要方面。它与PMD的优化布局设计有关，本文也将介绍和讨论。PMD测试芯片已在CMOS工艺中实现。文中还介绍了该芯片的部分仿真和初步测试结果。仿真结果验证了偏振模色散器的工作原理，并为优化版图设计提供了参数。实验结果验证了测试PMD的预期工作原理。
This paper presents first hardware implementation and investigations of a new electro-optic modulator (EOM), called the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD). The PMD is a semiconductor device combining the characteristics of fast optical sensing and modulation. Arranged to a PMD-matrix it looks like a CCD-matrix but additionally provides the depth information of each image pixel using an appropriately modulated scene illumination. Besides this feature of 3D- imaging by means of time-related correlation the PMD-chip will enable on-chip 2D-image processing by means of spatial correlation. The principle of operation of the PMD, possible technologies for realization, facilities and applications will be described. This new device offers high potential for optical sensory systems due to an amazingly simple and powerful procedure of electro-optical mixing and correlation. Both CCD and CMOS are appropriate technologies. The latter will be treated in detail as a single-element Photonic Mixer Device. Here we propose several architectures--including two quadrant (2Q)-PMDs--with readout and preprocessing circuits for both, the phase resp, time-of-flight values and the pixel intensities. Arranging PMD-pixels to a PMD-line or to a PMD-matrix will provide a new generation of flexible and powerful solid-state 3D- cameras based on time-of-flight. According to the EOM- principle, the proposed 2D-mixer requires no additional optical devices, no broadband electronic amplifiers and mixers. This solid-state PMD-array offers even more unique facilities, e.g., performing high speed spatial light modulation up to the GHz range or optical CDMA- communication. The modulation characteristic of the PMD is an important aspect of this mixer. It is associated with optimizing the layout design for the PMD, which will be presented and discussed in this paper, too. PMD test chips have been realized in CMOS technology. Some simulation and first test results of the chip are also presented. The simulation results prove the operation principle of the PMD and provide us with parameters for an optimized layout design. First experimental results verified the expected operation principle of the test PMD.