A Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of North America
A Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of North America
复制标题
北美地钱和金鱼藻清单
DOI：
10.2307/3242017
复制
发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Crandall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Stotler;B. Crandall
此列表包括从美国、加拿大、阿拉斯加和格陵兰岛报道的肝类和花石类的种、亚种和变种。在这一地区发现的119个属的系统排列之后是分类群的字母顺序表。这是由同义词和排除的名称的目录追加的。基本注释结束了检查表。在过去的40年里，研究北美苔类和角苔类的学生几乎完全依靠Frye和Clark（1937-1947）的藏书来确定他们的藏品。虽然自1937-1947年以来出现了无数的地方、州和地区清单、植物区系和手册，但不幸的是，这些只是作为补充文献。因此，弗莱和克拉克的无数不准确之处直到今天仍然存在。几乎与Frye和Clark的《北美肝炎》（1937）第一部分的出版同时，《欧洲和美洲肝炎的初步检查清单》（Buch et al., 1938）也出版了。埃文斯（1940）很快就根据他的《肝类分类》（1939）中的观点，出版了一份扩展的美国名单。因此，这个列举本身就是我们最近可用的清单。虽然弗莱和克拉克后来的工作可以借鉴之前的两个清单，但最初的数字当然与埃文斯1939年的系统是相互排斥的。因此，任何试图将这两个出版物中以不同的属名或特定名进入的同种分类群联系起来的尝试都导致了肝脏学生的过度挫折。同样，拼写上的差异（参见Evans的Trichocolea与Frye和Clark的Tricholea）和无数作者引用的差异，也阻碍了活跃在北美的众多苔藓学家接近标准化命名法的尝试。在30年前完成了北美阶梯分类（Frye & Clark, 1947）之后，大量的植物区系添加、确认、拒绝和同义化发生了。许多作者和出版物在Schuster（1966, 1969, 1974）的《北美的河狸纲和Anthocerotae》以及许多其他论文中解释了这些问题，贡献了1 .协会提供有限数量的重印本清单，售价2美元。邮资已付的。汇款后的订单应寄至Marshall R. Crosby，密苏里植物园，2345 Tower Grove Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110。2南伊利诺伊大学植物系，伊利诺伊州卡本代尔62901；该内容从157.55.39.102下载于星期一，2016年10月3日04:19:18 UTC所有使用受http://about.jstor.org/terms 406 THE BRYOLOGIST[卷80此信息的大部分。然而，舒斯特尔文集的不幸情况是，它们还远远没有完成（他只处理了这个列表中承认的47个科中的12个），而且这些没有处理西南，西海岸和太平洋西北部丰富的植物群的物种。幸运的是，不列颠哥伦比亚省的一份清单（斯科菲尔德，1968年）已经将西北植物区系中大量增加的植物列了出来。这份清单的目的是多方面的。最紧迫的是为用户提供一份按字母顺序列出的分类群属和种，包括亚种和变种，这些分类群是自弗莱和克拉克（1937）第一部分出版以来从北美、墨西哥北部和格陵兰岛报道的。已被充分研究和同义化的分类群，或从植物区系中排除的分类群，出现在该部分的列表中。每个被接受的分类群后面都有正确的正字法和作者引文。在许多情况下，这与传统的方法不同，传统的方法只是表明过去几十年取得的进展。这种进步很大程度上依赖于Grolle（1972,1976）的努力。在有一些根本性变化的情况下，包含注释来解释或记录所提出的命名法。这种系统的安排反映了作者与Evans（1939）及其后的系统的差异。这是从我们的进化和系统发生的思想主要从发展的基础。与当前系统的主要不同之处在于建立了一个独立的部门，包括角蒿。关键的发育和生理研究证实，这些植物与肝植物根本没有密切的关系，也不是来自共同的祖先（vide Haskell, 1949; Proskauer, 1960）。几个超家族群的苔类也同样建立起来，而其他的变化则主要归于家族的顺序排列。一些属或属复合体已经在分类学的可能性范围内运行。某些Jungermannia分类群被一个作者归入Solenostoma属，而另一个作者将它们归入plectocola。Vinia（1973-1975）的杰出的、全面的研究，在这里继续，只处理一个属和几个亚属。同样，Jungermanniaceae的Lophozioideae亚科可能包括少至6个或多至13个属。我们在这里遵循保守的方法（6个属），就像在jungermannia sensu latu的情况下一样。在同义词列表中可以找到与这些未被识别的属的适当组合，以允许用户关联同种分类群并使用他喜欢的通用名称。属和种之间的分类群不包括在清单中。希望该目录能促进北美苔属和角苔属命名法的标准化，并使植物区系研究成果有意义的相互关联。同时，仔细研究我们的植物区系文献中各种可疑的物种报告应该逐渐产生澄清。其中许多将毫无疑问地被淘汰在完成舒斯特菌群。我们感谢玛格丽特·富尔福德博士允许我们使用她的图书馆，并为我们提供了许多宝贵的参考资料。Drs。我们在纽约植物园学习期间，威廉·斯蒂尔和g·l·史密斯对我们非常友好。本内容下载于2016年10月3日（Mon） 157.55.39.102 04:19:18 UTC （UTC）所有使用须遵守http://about.jstor.org/terms 1977] STOTLER & CRANDALL-STOTLER:LIST OF LIVERWORTS & HORNWORTS 407属划分ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA CLASS ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA Order Anthocerotales 1。Anthocerotaceae喑哑。凤尾花修订。Prosk。
This list includes the species, subspecies and varieties of Hepatics and Anthocerotes reported from the contiguous United States, Canada, Alaska and Greenland. A systematic arrangement of the 119 genera found in this area is followed by an alphabetical list of the taxa. This is appended by a catalog of synonyms and excluded names. Essential annotations conclude the checklist. Students of the liverworts and hornworts of North America over the past 40 years have relied almost exclusively on the volumes of Frye and Clark (1937-1947) for determination of their collections. Although countless local, state and regional lists, floras and manuals have appeared since 1937-1947, these have, unfortunately, served only as supplementary literature. Thus, the innumerable inaccuracies in Frye and Clark are perpetuated even today. Almost concomitant with the issuance of the first part of Frye and Clark's Hepaticae of North America (1937) "A preliminary check list of the Hepaticae of Europe and America" (Buch et al., 1938) was published. Evans (1940) soon published an expanded American list based upon that compilation along with ideas incorporated from his "The Classification of the Hepaticae" (1939). This enumeration, then, is our most recent checklist, per se, available. Although the later parts of the Frye and Clark work could draw upon both of the previous checklists, the initial number was, of course, mutually exclusive of the Evans' 1939 system. Thus, any attempt to correlate conspecific taxa entered under differing generic or specific names between these two publications has led to undue frustration to the hepatic student. Likewise, the differences in spelling (cf. Trichocolea in Evans versus Tricholea in Frye and Clark) and in countless author citations has thwarted attempts to approach a standardized nomenclature among the numerous bryologists active in North America. Following the completion of the Hepaticae of North America thirty years ago (Frye & Clark, 1947), an abundance of floristic additions, confirmations, rejections and synonymizing has transpired. A multitude of authors and publications account for these with the efforts of Schuster (1966, 1969, 1974) in his Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, as well as in numerous other papers, contributing 1 The Society is offering a limited number of reprints of this checklist for sale for $2., postpaid. Orders with remittance should be sent to Marshall R. Crosby, Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110. 2 Botany Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.102 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 04:19:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 406 THE BRYOLOGIST [Volume 80 the bulk of this information. The unfortunate situation with the Schuster volumes, though, is that they are still far from being completed (he has treated only 12 of the 47 families recognized in this list), and these fail to treat species of the Southwest, the West Coast and the rich flora of the Pacific Northwest. Fortunately, a checklist of British Columbia (Schofield, 1968) has tabulated the numerous additions to the northwestern flora. The intent of this present checklist is multiple. Of greatest urgency is the provision for the user of an alphabetical listing of the genera and species, including subspecies and varieties, of the taxa which have been reported from North America, north of Mexico, and Greenland since the publication of part one of Frye and Clark (1937). Taxa which have since been adequately studied and synonymized, or excluded from the flora, appear in that section of the list. The correct orthography and author citations follow each of the accepted taxa. In many cases this differs from that traditionally employed, which simply indicates the progress made over the past several decades. Such progress has largely relied on the efforts of Grolle (1972, 1976). In the cases of somewhat radical change, annotations are included to explain or document the nomenclature being proposed. The systematic arrangement reflects the authors' divergence from that of Evans (1939) and later systems. This is derived from our thoughts of evolution and phylogeny primarily from a developmental basis. The major departure from current systems is the erection of a discrete division to include the hornworts. Critical developmental and physiological investigations of this group substantiate that these plants are not at all closely related to the Hepatophyta, nor derived from common ancestry (vide Haskell, 1949; Proskauer, 1960). Several suprafamilial groups of liverworts are likewise erected while the other changes are relegated primarily to the sequential arrangement of the families. Several genera or generic complexes have run the gamut of taxonomic possibilities. Certain Jungermannia taxa are placed in the genus Solenostoma by one author while another includes them in Plectocolea. The outstanding, comprehensive study by Vinia (1973-1975), which is followed here, treats a single genus with several subgenera. Likewise, the subfamily Lophozioideae of the Jungermanniaceae may include as few as six or as many as thirteen genera. We have followed the conservative approach here (six genera) as in the case ofJungermannia sensu latu. The proper combinations with those here unrecognized genera are to be found in the synonym list to allow the user to correlate conspecific taxa and utilize the generic appellation of his preference. Taxa between the genus and species level are not incorporated within the checklist. It is hoped that this list will precipitate a standardization of North American liverwort and hornwort nomenclature, and will allow meaningful correlation of floristic works. At the same time, careful study of the various doubtful species reports in our floristic literature should gradually yield to clarification. Many of these will unquestionably be eliminated upon completion of the Schuster flora. We are indebted to Dr. Margaret Fulford for allowing us to utilize her library and for providing us with many invaluable references. Drs. William Steere and G. L. Smith were most accommodating during our study at the New York Botantical Garden. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.102 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 04:19:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1977] STOTLER & CRANDALL-STOTLER:LIST OF LIVERWORTS & HORNWORTS 407 SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF GENERA DIVISION ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA' CLASS ANTHOCEROTOPSIDA Order Anthocerotales 1. Anthocerotaceae Dum. Anthoceros L. emend. Prosk.