Do insecticide-treated bednets have an effect on malaria vectors?
Do insecticide-treated bednets have an effect on malaria vectors?
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00983.x
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Takken, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takken, W
使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）已被广泛采用作为控制疟疾的重要方法。除了对所用杀虫剂产生抗药性之外，关于驱虫蚊帐对蚊子生物学和生态学影响的数据很少。没有确凿的证据表明所记录的杀虫剂抗药性是由于蚊帐或农业使用杀虫剂造成的。亚洲、非洲和南美洲国家已记录了对拟除虫菊酯（ITN 使用的首选杀虫剂）的抗药性。抗性表现为暴露于经杀虫剂处理的材料的蚊子的兴奋驱避性和死亡率的降低。然而，在缺乏抵抗力的情况下，大多数关于驱虫蚊帐效果的研究报告称，成年蚊子的存活率会降低，并且会被大规模杀灭。其他影响变化很大，偶尔有报告称咬伤时间、进食部位和血液宿主发生变化，但与杀虫剂蚊帐的使用规模不成比例。一般来说，驱虫蚊帐计划中记录的子孢子率有所降低。由于使用未经处理的蚊帐可以避免许多由杀虫剂使用引起的预期行为影响，因此需要对未经处理的蚊帐的功效进行研究。所提供的例子中，未经处理的蚊帐提供了合理程度的疟疾防护。
The use of insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) has been widely adopted as an important method for malaria control. Few data exist on effects of ITNs on mosquito biology and ecology, other than the development of insecticide resistance against the insecticides used. There is no hard evidence that the insecticide resistance recorded is the result of insecticidal use on bednets or from agricultural use. Resistance against pyrethroids, the preferred class of insecticides for ITN use, has been recorded from countries in Asia, Africa and South America. Resistance is expressed as reduced excito-repellency and mortality of mosquitoes exposed to insecticide-treated materials. In the absence of resistance, however, most studies on ITN effects report a reduced survival of adult mosquitoes as well as mass killing. Other effects are highly variable, and shifts in time of biting, feeding site and blood hosts have occasionally been reported, but not in proportion to the scale of ITN use. In general, a reduced sporozoite rate is recorded in ITN programmes. Because many of the anticipated behavioural effects caused by insecticidal use will be avoided by the use of untreated nets, studies on the efficacy of untreated nets are required. Examples are presented in which untreated nets provided a reasonable degree of protection against malaria.