The Search for a European Identity in the Long 1970s: External Relations and Institutional Evolution in the European Community
The Search for a European Identity in the Long 1970s: External Relations and Institutional Evolution in the European Community
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在漫长的 70 年代寻找欧洲身份：欧洲共同体的对外关系和制度演变
DOI：
10.1017/s0960777316000229
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Umberto Tulli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Umberto Tulli
在过去的十年里，关于欧洲共同体（EC）在“漫长的1970年代”试图发挥国际作用的学术工作激增。这并不奇怪：历史学家往往会关注档案馆的开放，现在是审查这一时期原始资料的最佳时机。然而，1970年代对欧洲一体化的兴趣日益浓厚还有两个原因。首先，在美国全球反恐战争引发的美欧关系危机和欧洲金融危机最严重的时候，许多学者--历史学家和政治学家--都回顾了20世纪70年代的危机，寻找先例和异同。第二，由于现有的大量研究，这十年被广泛认为是全球转型的关键时期--在这一时期，新的全球动态给欧洲和整个国际体系带来了根本性变化。在许多方面，这十年代表了一场现代性危机，出现了新的行为体和进程。冷战的分类变得过于僵化，无法有效地定义--甚至解释--一个日益多元化的世界，在这个世界中，新的国际行动者，从跨国基层运动到国际机构和定期国际峰会，开始发挥重要作用。压迫但明确的冷战秩序开始崩溃，一个以“相互依存”和“全球化”为特征的新秩序开始出现。这一转变对欧洲的影响尤其剧烈：欧洲在70年代“进入了一个不同的世界”。
The past decade has seen an explosion of scholarly work on the European Community (EC)’s attempts to develop an international role during the ‘long 1970s’. This is hardly surprising: historians tend to follow the opening of the archives, and now is the best moment to examine primary sources from the period. There are, however, two further reasons for this growing interest in European integration during the 1970s. Firstly, writing in the aftermath of the crisis in relations between the United States and Europe provoked by the US's global war on terrorism and at the height of the European financial crisis, many scholars – historians and political scientists alike – have looked back at the crisis of the 1970s, searching for precedents, similarities and differences. Secondly, thanks to the number of studies now available, the decade is widely recognised as a pivotal period of global transformation – a period in which new global dynamics produced radical change for Europe and for the international system as a whole. In many ways, this decade represented a crisis of modernity that saw the emergence of new actors and processes. Cold War categories became too rigid to usefully define – or even explain – an increasingly pluralistic world, in which new international actors, ranging from transnational grassroots movements to international institutions and regular international summits, began to play major roles. The oppressive but unambiguous Cold War order started to crumble, and a new one, characterised by ‘interdependence’ and ‘globalisation’, began to emerge. The effects of this transformation were particularly dramatic for Europe: it was in the seventies that Europe ‘entered a different world’.