Application of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts
Application of the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) to a global assessment of alien bird impacts
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DOI：
10.1111/ddi.12464
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Blackburn, Tim M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Thomas;Kumschick, Sabrina;Blackburn, Tim M.
目的 将最近发布的 EICAT 协议应用于评估世界各地建立的外来鸟类物种对环境影响的程度。地点全球。方法对已发表的文献和在线资源进行了审查，以整理有关世界范围内 415 种具有自我维持外来种群的鸟类物种报告的环境影响的信息。然后根据 EICAT 指南对所得数据进行分类，并使用 R 进行分析。结果 发现了大约 30% 的外来种群物种的环境影响数据。大多数外来鸟类的影响较低，分为最低关注（MC）或轻微（MN）。然而，有 37 种鸟类受到中度 (MO) 或以上影响，其中 5 种鸟类受到严重 (MV) 影响。几乎一半已确定的影响与外来鸟类和本地物种之间的竞争有关。影响程度不是随机分布的：捕食造成的影响往往比其他影响机制更严重，对海洋岛屿的影响往往比其他地区更严重，但与鹦鹉螺类物种相关的影响往往比其他外来鸟类的影响要轻。大约 35% 的评估被分配为“低”置信度。 主要结论 EICAT 协议可以有效地应用于对整个分类类别内所有外来物种的影响进行分类和量化。结果表明，外来鸟类造成的影响的类型和严重程度存在显着差异。然而，我们没有发现有关绝大多数外来鸟类对环境影响的数据，而且在有影响数据的情况下，我们的评估经常被评为“低”置信度。因此，我们的工作确定了主要的数据差距，这将有助于影响未来外来入侵物种影响研究的方向。
Aim To apply the recently published EICAT protocol to an assessment of the magnitude of environmental impacts of alien bird species established worldwide.Location Global.Methods A review of published literature and online resources was undertaken to collate information on the reported environmental impacts of 415 bird species with self-sustaining alien populations world-wide. The resulting data were then categorized following the EICAT guidelines and analysed using R.Results Environmental impact data were found for approximately 30% of species with alien populations. Most alien birds had low impacts, categorized as either minimal concern (MC) or minor (MN). However, 37 bird species had moderate (MO) impacts or above, including five with massive (MV) impacts. Almost half of all impacts identified related to competition between alien birds and native species. Impact magnitudes were non-randomly distributed: impacts due to predation tended to be more severe than for other impact mechanisms, and impacts on oceanic islands tended to be more severe than for other regions, but impacts associated with Psittaciform species tended to be less severe than for other alien bird orders. Approximately 35% of assessments were allocated a `low'confidence rating.Main conclusions The EICAT protocol can be effectively applied to categorize and quantify the impacts of all alien species within an entire taxonomic class. The results demonstrate significant variation in both the type and severity of impacts generated by alien birds. However, we found no data regarding the environmental impacts of the great majority of alien bird species, and where impact data were available, our assessments were frequently allocated a ` low' confidence rating. Our work therefore identifies major data gaps that will help influence the direction of future invasive alien species impact research.