BIOCHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN THE REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNA-POLYMERASE-II
BIOCHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN THE REGULATION OF TRANSCRIPTION BY RNA-POLYMERASE-II
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1993.058.01.025
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
KADONAGA, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KAMAKAKA, RT;KADONAGA, JT
基因表达的控制是一个具有根本性和深远意义的问题，因此，大量的工作被用于分析RNA聚合酶II对转录的调控。这些研究通常集中在启动子和增强子结合因子以及基础转录机制成分的鉴定、纯化、克隆和突变分析上。然而，尽管表征与DNA模板相互作用的因素是必不可少的，但考虑DNA模板本身的结构也很重要——即染色质结构与基因活性之间的关系。我们仍处于了解启动子和增强子结合因子如何在染色质模板的自然环境中激活转录的早期阶段。这些因子可能会促进固有的转录反应（例如，通过增加起始复合物的组装速率），我们将这一过程称为“真激活”（图2）。1)。序列特异性转录因子也有可能抵消染色质介导的抑制，这种效应有时被称为“抗抑制”（图2）。1)。在过去的几年中，我们对染色质结构在转录调控中的作用进行了生化分析
The control of gene expression is a problem of fundamental and far-reaching importance, and accordingly, a significant amount of effort has been devoted to the analysis of the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. These studies have generally focused on the identification, purification, cloning, and mutational analysis of promoter-and enhancer-binding factors and components of the basal transcriptional machinery. Yet, although the characterization of the factors that interact with the DNA template is essential, it is also important to consider the structure of the DNA template itself--that is, the relationship between chromatin structure and gene activity. We are still in the early stages of understanding how promoter-and enhancer-binding factors activate transcription in the natural context of a chromatin template. These factors may function to facilitate the inherent transcription reaction (for instance, by increasing the rate of assembly of initiation complexes), a process that we refer to as" true activation"(Fig. 1). It is also possible that sequence-specific transcription factors function to counteract chromatin-mediated repression, an effect that is sometimes referred to as" antirepression"(Fig. 1). During the past few years, we have carried out a biochemical analysis of the role of chromatin structure in the regulation of transcription