Cesium-137 deposition and contamination of Japanese soils due to the Fukushima nuclear accident
Cesium-137 deposition and contamination of Japanese soils due to the Fukushima nuclear accident
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1112058108
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发表时间：
2011-12-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yasunari, Tetsuzo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yasunari, Teppei J.;Stohl, Andreas;Yasunari, Tetsuzo
2011年3月11日发生大地震后，福岛第一核电站排放物导致的铯 - 137（Cs - 137）沉降及其土壤污染问题备受关注。铯 - 137的半衰期为30.1年，因其对农业、畜牧业以及人类生活几十年都有有害影响，所以备受关注。因此，清除铯 - 137污染的土壤，或者在无法清除的地区限制土地使用是一个紧迫的问题。一个挑战在于，福岛核电站铯 - 137排放的估算极不确定，因此，铯 - 137在环境中的分布情况也难以确定。在此，我们通过将日本各都道府县铯 - 137沉降的日常观测数据与拉格朗日粒子扩散模型（FLEXPART）的相对沉降分布模式相结合，来估算铯 - 137的总沉降量。我们发现，铯 - 137严重污染了日本东部和东北部的大片土壤，而日本西部则因山脉的阻挡而免受污染。福岛核电站及其周边都道府县的土壤受到了广泛污染，沉降量分别超过100000和10000兆贝克勒尔/平方千米。在两个区域（i）日本列岛及周边海洋（东经130 - 150度，北纬30 - 46度）和（ii）日本列岛，铯 - 137的总沉降量估计分别超过5.6和1.0拍贝克勒尔。我们希望我们的铯 - 137沉降图有助于协调日本的净化工作并规划监管措施。
The largest concern on the cesium-137 (Cs-137) deposition and its soil contamination due to the emission from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) showed up after a massive quake on March 11, 2011. Cesium-137 (Cs-137) with a half-life of 30.1 y causes the largest concerns because of its deleterious effect on agriculture and stock farming, and, thus, human life for decades. Removal of Cs-137 contaminated soils or land use limitations in areas where removal is not possible is, therefore, an urgent issue. A challenge lies in the fact that estimates of Cs-137 emissions from the Fukushima NPP are extremely uncertain, therefore, the distribution of Cs-137 in the environment is poorly constrained. Here, we estimate total Cs-137 deposition by integrating daily observations of Cs-137 deposition in each prefecture in Japan with relative deposition distribution patterns from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART. We show that Cs-137 strongly contaminated the soils in large areas of eastern and northeastern Japan, whereas western Japan was sheltered by mountain ranges. The soils around Fukushima NPP and neighboring prefectures have been extensively contaminated with depositions of more than 100,000 and 10,000 MBq km(-2), respectively. Total Cs-137 depositions over two domains: (i) the Japan Islands and the surrounding ocean (130-150 degrees E and 30-46 degrees N) and, (ii) the Japan Islands, were estimated to be more than 5.6 and 1.0 PBq, respectively. We hope our Cs-137 deposition maps will help to coordinate decontamination efforts and plan regulatory measures in Japan.