Time-Based Readout of a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) for Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET)
Time-Based Readout of a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) for Time of Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET)
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DOI：
10.1109/tns.2011.2119493
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Williams, M. C. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powolny, F.;Auffray, E.;Williams, M. C. S.
正电子发射断层扫描（PET）中的飞行时间（TOF）测量在定时性能方面非常具有挑战性，并且理想地应实现小于100 ps的FWHM精度。我们提出了一种基于时间的差分技术读出硅光电倍增管（SiPMs），具有小于20 ps的半高宽的电子抖动。新颖的读出是一个快速前端电路（NINO）的基础上，第一级差分电流模式放大器与20 Ω输入电阻。因此，放大器输入端差分连接到SiPM的阳极和阴极端口。输出信号的前沿提供时间信息，而后沿提供能量信息。基于蒙特卡罗光子产生模型，HSPICE模拟使用3 x 3 mm（2）SiPM模型运行，使用差分电流放大器读出。这里给出了这些模拟的结果，并将其与用3 x 3 x 15 mm（3）LSO晶体耦合到SiPM获得的实验数据进行了比较。利用Monte Carlo/SPICE模拟、泊松统计和晶体的几何效应解释了测量的时间重合精度和整体定时精度的局限性。
Time of flight (TOF) measurements in positron emission tomography (PET) are very challenging in terms of timing performance, and should ideally achieve less than 100 ps FWHM precision. We present a time-based differential technique to read out silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) which has less than 20 ps FWHM electronic jitter. The novel readout is a fast front end circuit (NINO) based on a first stage differential current mode amplifier with 20 Omega input resistance. Therefore the amplifier inputs are connected differentially to the SiPM's anode and cathode ports. The leading edge of the output signal provides the time information, while the trailing edge provides the energy information. Based on a Monte Carlo photon-generation model, HSPICE simulations were run with a 3 x 3 mm(2) SiPM-model, read out with a differential current amplifier. The results of these simulations are presented here and compared with experimental data obtained with a 3 x 3 x 15 mm(3) LSO crystal coupled to a SiPM. The measured time coincidence precision and the limitations in the overall timing accuracy are interpreted using Monte Carlo/SPICE simulation, Poisson statistics, and geometric effects of the crystal.