Ionization degree and magnetic diffusivity in star-forming clouds with different metallicities

Ionization degree and magnetic diffusivity in star-forming clouds with different metallicities
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不同金属丰度的恒星形成云中的电离度和磁扩散率

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stab248
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Susa Hajime
Susa Hajime
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nakauchi Daisuke;Omukai Kazuyuki;Susa Hajime

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磁场在星星的形成过程中扮演着重要的角色,如输送角动量和驱动恒星形成云的外流,从而控制星周盘和多恒星系统的形成效率。磁场与气体的耦合取决于气体的电离程度。我们计算了不同金属丰度Z/Z = 10−6、10−5、10−4、10−3、10−2、10−1和1时云的温度演化和电离度。我们通过反转所有的气相过程和考虑晶粒表面化学,包括晶粒蒸发,碱金属的热电离和晶粒的电子发射来更新化学网络。在nH <$1015 - 1019 cm − 3处的电离度比以前的模型高出八个数量级,这是由于K和Na的电子发射和热电离,这是迄今为止被忽略的。虽然磁场在nH <1015 cm −3时会因双极扩散或欧姆损耗而消散,但磁场在nH = 1015 cm −3时会恢复与气体的强耦合,这比之前的工作低了几个数量级。我们通过选择与主要冷却剂和带电物质相关的过程来开发一个简化的化学网络。简化的网络由28(38)种物质之间的104(161)个反应组成,在不存在(分别存在)电离源的情况下。简化模型包括H2和HD在颗粒表面的形成以及O、C、OH、CO和H2O在颗粒表面的消耗。
Magnetic fields play such essential roles in star formation as transporting angular momentum and driving outflows from a star-forming cloud, thereby controlling the formation efficiency of a circumstellar disc and also multiple stellar systems. The coupling of magnetic fields to the gas depends on its ionization degree. We calculate the temperature evolution and ionization degree of a cloud for various metallicities ofZ/Z⊙= 10−6, 10−5, 10−4, 10−3, 10−2, 10−1, and 1. We update the chemical network by reversing all the gas-phase processes and by considering grain-surface chemistry, including grain evaporation, thermal ionization of alkali metals, and thermionic emission from grains. The ionization degree atnH∼ 1015–1019cm−3becomes up to eight orders of magnitude higher than that obtained in the previous model, owing to the thermionic emission and thermal ionization of K and Na, which have been neglected so far. Although magnetic fields dissipate owing to ambipolar diffusion or Ohmic loss atnH< 1015cm−3, the fields recover strong coupling to the gas atnH∼ 1015cm−3, which is lower by a few orders of magnitude compared to the previous work. We develop a reduced chemical network by choosing processes relevant to major coolants and charged species. The reduced network consists of 104 (161) reactions among 28 (38) species in the absence (presence, respectively) of ionization sources. The reduced model includes H2and HD formation on grain surfaces as well as the depletion of O, C, OH, CO, and H2O on grain surfaces.
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