Evolution of kinship structures driven by marriage tie and competition
Evolution of kinship structures driven by marriage tie and competition
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1917716117
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发表时间：
2020-02-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kaneko, Kunihiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Itao, Kenji;Kaneko, Kunihiko
家庭单位和亲属结构构成了土著社会社会关系的基础。家庭构成了一个文化群体，即所谓的氏族，其中乱伦禁忌禁止婚姻。氏族归属按照一定的规则支配着交配偏好和血统关系。这些规则形成了各种亲属结构，包括广义交换，即两个以上氏族之间新娘的间接交换，以及限制交换，即随着子女流向不同氏族而直接交换新娘。这些建筑分布在不同的地区，表现出不同的文化后果。然而，目前尚不清楚它们是如何出现的或什么条件决定了不同的结构。在这里，我们建立了一个由血统和家庭群体组成的社区模型，并引入了亲属和配偶之间的社会合作以及交配冲突。每个血统都有表征特征和择偶偏好的参数，这些参数决定了婚姻的可能性以及血统之间合作和冲突的程度。血统可以与那些与自己或配偶具有相似特征的人合作，而具有相似偏好的血统则竞争新娘。此外，我们通过消除适应度较小的社区来引入社区级别选择，并遵循所谓的分层莫兰过程。我们通过数字证明，血统在特征和偏好的空间中聚集，导致出现乱伦禁忌的氏族。当强烈需要合作时，就会出现广义交换，而当交配冲突严重时，就会出现受限交换。这可以解释土著社会中亲属结构的地理分布。
The family unit and kinship structures form the basis of social relationships in indigenous societies. Families constitute a cultural group, a so-called clan, within which marriage is prohibited by the incest taboo. The clan attribution governs the mating preference and descent relationships by certain rules. Such rules form various kinship structures, including generalized exchange, an indirect exchange of brides among more than two clans, and restricted exchange, a direct exchange of brides with the flow of children to different clans. These structures are distributed in different areas and show different cultural consequences. However, it is still unknown how they emerge or what conditions determine different structures. Here, we build a model of communities consisting of lineages and family groups and introduce social cooperation among kin and mates and conflict over mating. Each lineage has parameters characterizing the trait and mate preference, which determines the possibility of marriage and the degree of cooperation and conflict among lineages. Lineages can cooperate with those having similar traits to their own or mates', whereas lineages with similar preferences compete for brides. In addition, we introduce community-level selection by eliminating communities with smaller fitness and follow the socalled hierarchical Moran process. We numerically demonstrate that lineages are clustered in the space of traits and preferences, resulting in the emergence of clans with the incest taboo. Generalized exchange emerges when cooperation is strongly needed, whereas restricted exchange emerges when the mating conflict is strict. This may explain the geographical distribution of kinship structures in indigenous societies.