Many faces, one rule: the role of perceptual expertise in infants' sequential rule learning.
Many faces, one rule: the role of perceptual expertise in infants' sequential rule learning.
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许多面孔，一个规则：感知专业知识在婴儿的顺序规则学习中的作用。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01595
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Turati C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bulf H;Brenna V;Valenza E;Johnson SP;Turati C
规则学习是一种机制，允许婴儿识别和概括类似规则的模式，如ABB或ABA。尽管与非语言相比，婴儿更善于从语言中学习规则，但规则学习也可以应用于经常经历的视觉刺激，这表明对要学习的材料的知觉专业知识对于提高规则学习能力至关重要。然而，从来没有人使用婴儿环境中最常见的视觉刺激类别之一，即面孔来研究婴儿的规则学习。在这里，我们调查了7个月大的婴儿从由直立面孔组成的序列中提取规则样图案的能力，并将他们的结果与观看倒立面孔的婴儿的结果进行了比较，据推测，倒立面孔的出现频率比直立面孔要少得多。婴儿习惯于ABA或ABB状态下的脸部三联征，然后是测试阶段，ABA和ABB三联体由不同于习惯化期间表现出的面孔组成。当使用直立面孔时，婴儿将习惯化过程中呈现的模式概括为包括测试过程中显示的新面孔身份，但当呈现倒置面孔时，婴儿无法提取规则。这一发现支持这样一种观点，即知觉技能可以调节7个月大婴儿发现类似规则的模式的能力。
Rule learning is a mechanism that allows infants to recognize and generalize rule-like patterns, such as ABB or ABA. Although infants are better at learning rules from speech vs. non-speech, rule learning can be applied also to frequently experienced visual stimuli, suggesting that perceptual expertise with material to be learned is critical in enhancing rule learning abilities. Yet infants’ rule learning has never been investigated using one of the most commonly experienced visual stimulus category available in infants’ environment, i.e., faces. Here, we investigate 7-month-olds’ ability to extract rule-like patterns from sequences composed of upright faces and compared their results to those of infants who viewed inverted faces, which presumably are encountered far less frequently than upright faces. Infants were habituated with face triads in either an ABA or ABB condition followed by a test phase with ABA and ABB triads composed of faces that differed from those showed during habituation. When upright faces were used, infants generalized the pattern presented during habituation to include the new face identities showed during testing, but when inverted faces were presented, infants failed to extract the rule. This finding supports the idea that perceptual expertise can modulate 7-month-olds’ abilities to detect rule-like patterns.