Expertise Differences in Attentional Strategies Related to Pilot Decision Making
Expertise Differences in Attentional Strategies Related to Pilot Decision Making
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DOI：
10.1518/001872008x374974
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Talleur, Donald A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schriver, Angela T.;Morrow, Daniel G.;Talleur, Donald A.
目的：通过检验一个假设的注意-动作链接，我们研究了飞行员决策中的专业知识差异。在模拟飞行过程中，我们测量了更多和更少专家飞行员的决策结果的准确性和延迟，并使用眼动追踪来测量他们的注意力。我们还研究了决策结果和注意策略是否受到提示问题的性质的影响。背景：决策失误导致许多事故和事件，特别是在缺乏经验的飞行员中。虽然很多人知道决策错误的结果，但对航空决策中专家差异的认知过程知之甚少。方法：14名专家和14名不太专家的飞行员在模拟器中飞行了16次。有一半的飞行包含一个故障，需要诊断和行动，以应对故障。提示失败的信号在诊断和/或相关性方面各不相同。结果：更专业的飞行员通常在速度和准确性方面做出更好的决定。两组人在诊断线索高与低的情况下都能更快地做出正确的决定。当线索相互关联时，只有更专业的飞行员才能更快地做出正确的决定。更多的注意力分配到相关的线索（测量百分比停留时间的利益领域）时，出现故障，主要是在专家飞行员。此外，对线索的关注程度与决策准确性相关。结论：研究结果更大的注意力和更有效的决策。应用：专家优势的注意力潜在的决策结果可能会提供目标，以改善飞行员培训。
Objective: We investigated expertise differences in pilot decision making by examining a hypothesized attention-action link. During simulated flight we measured the accuracy and latency of more and less expert pilots' decision outcomes and used eye tracking to measure their attention. We also examined whether decision Outcomes and attentional strategies were influenced by properties of the cues indicating problems. Background: Errors in decision making contribute to many accidents and incidents, especially among inexperienced pilots. Although much is known about decision errors in terms of their outcomes, less is known about the cognitive processes that underlie expert differences in aviation decision making. Method: Fourteen more expert and 14 less expert pilots flew 16 flights in a simulator. Half of the flights contained a failure requiring diagnosis and action in response to the failure. Cues signaling the failures varied in how diagnostic and/or correlated they were. Results: The more expert pilots generally made better decisions in terms of speed and accuracy. Both groups made faster correct decisions when cues were high versus low in diagnosticity. Only the more expert pilots made faster correct decisions when cues were correlated. More attention was allocated to relevant cues (measured by percentage dwell time on areas of interest) when a failure was present, primarily among expert pilots. Moreover, the amount of attention to cues was associated with decision accuracy. Conclusion: The findings greater attention and more effective decision making.Application: The expert advantage in attention underlying decision outcomes may provide targets for improving pilot training.