Food Habits and Niche Overlap of Seabirds Wintering on Monterey Bay, California
Food Habits and Niche Overlap of Seabirds Wintering on Monterey Bay, California
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加利福尼亚州蒙特利湾越冬海鸟的食物习惯和生态位重叠
DOI：
10.1093/auk/94.3.526
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. V. Morejohn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Baltz;G. V. Morejohn
在加利福尼亚州蒙特利湾对海鸟非繁殖种群进行了研究，以确定对鱼类和头足类动物等猎物的捕食程度。人们发现海鸟会捕食许多相同的猎物。许多海鸟物种严重依赖丰富的北方鳀鱼（Engraulis mordax）和市场鱿鱼（Loligo opalescens）。在研究的所有月份（九月到四月）期间，这两种猎物都可供鸟类捕食者利用。如果不是一些鸟类捕食者种群的时间和空间隔离减少了竞争机会，一些鸟类捕食者物种之间的食物生态位高度重叠可能会导致严重的竞争。不同的捕食技术使得许多捕食者物种能够利用同一猎物种群的不同部分。鸟类的多特异性摄食组合是为了在掠夺猎物种群时实现互惠互利而形成的。两种酸科动物，普通海鸦和犀牛，占据相似的栖息地并以相同的方式利用它们的食物资源，利用五种相同的猎物。犀牛海雀对市场鱿鱼的广泛捕食减少了这些捕食者物种之间的生态位重叠。
A study of nonbreeding populations of seabirds was undertaken in Monterey Bay, California, to determine degree of predation on prey species such as fish and cephalopods. Seabirds were found to exploit many of the same prey species. Many seabird species relied heavily on the abundance of the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and the market squid (Loligo opalescens). Both of these prey species were available to and exploited by their avian predators during all months of the study (September through April). The high measures of food niche overlap between some avian predator species could lead to severe competition were it not for temporal and spatial segregation of some of the avian predator populations reducing chances for competition. Varying feeding techniques allowed many predator species to exploit different segments of the same prey population. Multispecific feeding assemblages of birds form for mutual benefit in exploiting schools of prey species. Two alcids, the Common Murre and the Rhinoceros Auklet, occupied similar habitats and exploited their food resources in the same way, utilizing five of the same prey species. Niche overlap is reduced between these predator species by extensive predation on the market squid by the Rhinoceros Auklet.