Disaster preparedness of hillside residential area in Nagasaki city, Japan: evaluations regarding experiences related to a fire
Disaster preparedness of hillside residential area in Nagasaki city, Japan: evaluations regarding experiences related to a fire
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DOI：
10.2185/jrm.2997
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Nakao;Ryoko Kawasaki;M. Ohnishi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Nakao;Ryoko Kawasaki;M. Ohnishi
目标：对长崎市山坡住宅区发生的一起意外火灾进行评估，以评估位于斜坡地形上的社区所面临的挑战，并开发适用于此类山坡住宅区的社区支持系统。方法：在受火灾影响的地区进行社区观察和关键信息访谈。还对受影响地区的居民进行了自填式问卷调查。使用二维 (2D) 框架对通过对受灾地区的社区观察和关键知情人访谈获得的信息进行分析和评估。结果：根据社区观察和关键知情人访谈，由于准备不足，加上道路狭窄、室外楼梯等地理因素导致火势蔓延，最初的消防工作被推迟。对需要疏散援助的老年居民的生计和健康支持措施也不足。受火灾影响地区附近的一家医院自愿为疏散人员提供一些服务，但附近其他组织/机构要么没有提供支持，要么没有提供支持。从问卷调查结果来看，老年居民对本地区消防栓的位置和正确使用方法知之甚少。此外，65%的受访者从未参加过灾难训练演习。从这些结果可以确定以下三点： 1）山坡居民区的地理特征促进了火灾的蔓延。 2）多部门疏散支援体系不完善，现有体系之间的协作不够，事先没有充分明确各体系的作用。 3）山坡居住区老年居民从事消防活动的知识和能力不足，消防技能不足。结论：提高当地居民平时的防灾知识和培训具有重要意义。此外，必须确保和维持灾前、灾中和灾后的跨部门协作救灾、协调管理和支持系统。
Objective: An accidental fire that occurred in a hillside residential area in the city of Nagasaki was evaluated to assess the challenges faced by communities located on sloped terrains and to develop community-based support systems applicable to such hillside residential areas. Methods: Community observations and key-informant interviews were performed in the area affected by the fire. A self-administered questionnaire survey was also conducted among residents of the affected area. Information obtained through community observations of the fire-struck area and key-informant interviews was analyzed and assessed using a two-dimensional (2D) framework. Results: According to community observations and key-informant interviews, initial firefighting efforts were delayed due to lack of preparedness, in addition to geographic factors such as narrow roads and outdoor staircases, which allowed the fire to spread. The livelihood and health support measures for elderly residents requiring evacuation assistance were also insufficient. A hospital neighboring the area affected by the fire accident voluntarily provided some services to evacuees, but support from other nearby organizations/institutions was either not available or not offered. According to the questionnaire answers, elderly residents had little knowledge of the location and proper use of fire hydrants in their area. In addition, 65% of the respondents had never participated in disaster training exercises. From these results, the following three points could be determined: 1) The geographic features of the hillside residential area enhanced the spread of the fire. 2) The multi-sector support systems for evacuees were inadequate, collaboration among the existing systems was insufficient, and the roles of those systems were not fully clarified in advance. 3) Elderly residents in the hillside residential area did not have sufficient the knowledge and/or ability to engage in fire prevention activities and had inadequate firefighting skills. Conclusions: It is important to improve disaster preparedness knowledge and training for local residents on ordinary times. Additionally, cross-sector collaborative disaster response, harmonious management, and support systems must be ensured and sustained before, during, and after disasters.