Elimination of the enhanced Simon effect for older adults in a three-choice situation: Ageing and the Simon effect in a go/no-go Simon task
Elimination of the enhanced Simon effect for older adults in a three-choice situation: Ageing and the Simon effect in a go/no-go Simon task
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DOI：
10.1080/17470210902990829
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kawai, Nobuyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kubo-Kawai, Namiko;Kawai, Nobuyuki
在Simon任务中，当无关的刺激位置与反应位置对应时，参与者表现出比不相关的刺激位置对应时更好的表现，而且这种影响通常对老年人比对年轻人更大。为了研究西蒙任务中认知老化的影响，我们使用两种版本的西蒙任务对年轻人和老年人进行了比较：(A)标准视觉西蒙任务，参与者对左右位置呈现的红色和绿色刺激分别进行左右按键反应；(B)进行/不进行版本的西蒙任务，基本上是相同的，只是三分之一的试验中刺激的形状表明没有反应。在这两个任务中，两个年龄组都表现出了西蒙效应。对于标准的西蒙任务，老年人比年轻人的影响更大。然而，在进行/不进行版本的西蒙任务中，两组表现出了同等的西蒙效应。反应时分布分析显示，两个年龄组的功能基本相似：在标准任务中，Simon效应的减少模式，而在进行/不进行版本的任务中，该效应的增加模式。结果表明，老年人发现更难抑制相应反应的自动激活，尽管这种自动激活在反应经常被抑制的情况下会减少。
In a Simon task, participants show better performance when the irrelevant stimulus location corresponds with the response location than when it does not, and this effect is typically greater for older adults than for younger adults. To study the effect of cognitive ageing in the Simon task, we compared young and old adults using two versions of the Simon task: (a) a standard visual Simon task, for which participants respond with left and right key-presses to the red and green colours of stimuli presented in left and right locations; (b) a go/no-go version of the Simon task, which was basically the same, except that the shape of the stimulus in one third of the trials indicates that no response is to be made. In both tasks, both age groups showed the Simon effect. The magnitude of the effect for the standard Simon task was greater for the older adults than for the younger adults. Nevertheless, the two groups showed an equivalent Simon effect in the go/no-go version of the Simon task. Reaction time distribution analyses revealed basically similar functions for both age groups: a decreasing pattern of the Simon effect in the standard task and an increasing pattern of the effect in the go/no-go version of the task. The results suggest that older adults find it more difficult to suppress an automatic activation of the corresponding response, though this automatic activation was reduced in situations where the response was frequently inhibited.