Living with the modern conservation paradigm: can agricultural communities co-exist with elephants? A five-year case study in East Caprivi, Namibia
Living with the modern conservation paradigm: can agricultural communities co-exist with elephants? A five-year case study in East Caprivi, Namibia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00108-1
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发表时间：
2000-05
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
C. O’Connell-Rodwell;T. Rodwell;Matthew Rice;Lynette A Hart (Geyer)
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. O’Connell-Rodwell;T. Rodwell;Matthew Rice;Lynette A Hart (Geyer)
1991年至1995年间，我们评估了大象（Loxodonta africana）和掠食者（特别是狮子（Panthera leo））对纳米比亚东卡普里维宽多地区农村农民的经济影响。大象是该地区野生动物冲突最多的原因，而狮子对农民的经济影响最大。人们尝试使用电围栏、绊倒警报技术和大象警告电话等威慑手段来减少大象和农民之间的冲突。威慑措施的成功取决于与大象接触的频率、维护以及该地区人类和大象的生态。在探索的威慑策略中，只有电围栏可以减少社区层面的大象伤害。然而，如果大象不将电围栏与恐惧和可能的死亡联系起来，电围栏的未来功效是不确定的。威慑努力在改善社区和自然资源保护者之间的关系方面发挥了作用。讨论了人类农业社区如何与自由放养的大象共存的情景。
The economic impact of elephants, Loxodonta africana, and predators, particularly lions, Panthera leo, on rural agriculturists in the Kwando region of the East Caprivi, Namibia was assessed from the years 1991 to 1995. Elephants were responsible for the greatest number of wildlife conflicts in the region, while lions had the greatest financial impact on farmers. Attempts were made to reduce conflicts between elephants and farmers using deterrents such as electrical fencing, trip-alarm techniques and elephant warning calls. Success of deterrents depended on the frequency of exposure to elephants, maintenance and the ecology of both humans and elephants in the region. Of the deterrent strategies explored, only electrical fencing reduced elephant damage at the community level. The future efficacy of electric fencing is uncertain, however, if elephants do not associate it with fear and possible death. Deterrent efforts played a role in improving relations between communities and conservationists. Scenarios for how human agricultural communities might co-exist with free-ranging elephants are discussed.