Beyond Instrumentalism: A Substantivist Perspective on Law, Technology, and the Digital Persona
Beyond Instrumentalism: A Substantivist Perspective on Law, Technology, and the Digital Persona
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超越工具主义：法律、技术和数字角色的实体主义视角
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Cockfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frank A. Pasquale;A. Cockfield
法律和技术问题传统上是在离散的类别中研究的，如知识产权（例如，版权、专利或商标）或中介责任和义务（例如，次级责任和电信监管）。然而，在过去的二十年里，学术界已经研究了法律和技术在法律的领域中更广泛的相互作用。本文探讨了迄今为止的进展，并讨论了法律和技术的两个不同的观点。
占主导地位的方法是工具主义的，将技术视为个人使用的工具，同时淡化其更广泛的社会影响。然而，技术哲学、科学技术研究和科学的社会研究领域现在已经足够成熟，可以支持一种基于对技术变革的本质而不是结果的深刻理解的竞争方法。这种实体主义方法提出了分析原则，以改进和完善技术法律和政策的方式，竞争对手，工具主义方法被忽视。例如，实体主义承诺支持一种称为“数字人格”的法律和技术结构，以强调法律和政策促进网络世界自治的必要性。通过对比工具主义和实体主义方法，我们展示了在数字时代整合道德、政策和法律的新方法。
Law and technology matters have traditionally been researched in discrete categories such as intellectual property (e.g., copyright, patent, or trademark) or intermediary liability and responsibility (e.g., secondary liability and telecommunications regulation). In the last two decades, however, academics have studied the broader interaction between law and technology across legal fields. This Article examines progress to date and discusses two distinct perspectives on law and technology.
The dominant approach has been an instrumentalist one that treats technology as a tool for individuals to use while downplaying its broader social implications. However, the fields of philosophy of technology, science and technology studies, and social studies of science are now mature enough to support a rival approach grounded in a deep understanding of the nature—rather than the results—of technological change. This substantivist approach suggests analytical principles to refine and improve technology law and policy in ways that rival, instrumentalist approaches have neglected. For instance, substantivist commitments support a law and technology construct called a “digital persona” to emphasize the need for laws and policies to promote autonomy within the online world. By contrasting instrumentalist and substantivist approaches, we demonstrate new ways to integrate ethics, policy, and law in the digital age.