Why does the Cognitive Reflection Test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)?
Why does the Cognitive Reflection Test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.09.003
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Metz, S. Emlen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baron, Jonathan;Scott, Sydney;Metz, S. Emlen
认知反思测试(CRT)被认为与功利性道德判断的测量相关，因为它测量的是对初始直觉反应的系统-2校正。一些道德判断理论认为，当人们做出功利性判断时，同样的事情往往会发生。然而，我们发现，当CRT类型的项目(使用逻辑和算术)在预测功利性道德判断(通过自我报告问卷和假设情景评估)方面没有明显的直观答案时，也可以同样有效地预测积极开放思维(AOT)的程度。此外，较长的反应时间和较高的准确率也预示着道德判断和其他结果。因此，CRT可以被认为是反射脉冲性(RI)的测试。然而，RI只是AOT的一部分，因为RI只关心思考的数量，而不是它的方向。AOT测试还预测了功利主义的道德判断。个体在AOT和道德判断上的差异都与道德来自上帝、不能通过思想理解的信念有强烈(负面)的联系。因此，当发现CRT和功利性判断的相关性时，很可能是由于AOT和CRT的(不完全)相关性。因此，这些领域的直觉不一定是人们通过额外的思考来克服的，而是他们在不太思考的时候所依赖的。(C)2014年记忆和认知应用研究会。由爱思唯尔公司出版。这是CC BY-NC-ND许可证(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).下的一篇开放获取文章
The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is thought to correlate with measures of utilitarian moral judgment because it measures system-2 correction of an initial intuitive response. And some theories of moral judgment hold that the same thing often happens when people arrive a utilitarian judgments. We find, however, that CRT-type items (using logic as well as arithmetic) can work just as well when they do not have obvious intuitive answers at predicting utilitarian moral judgment, assessed with self-report questionnaires as well as with hypothetical scenarios, and also at predicting a measure of actively open-minded thinking (AOT). Moreover, long response times, as well as high accuracy, also predict moral judgment and other outcomes. The CRT might thus be considered a test of reflection-impulsivity (RI). However, RI is only part of AOT, because RI is concerned only with the amount of thinking, not its direction. Tests of AOT also predict utilitarian moral judgments. Individual differences in AOT and moral judgments are both strongly (negatively) associated with belief that morality comes from God and cannot be understood through thought. The correlation of CRT and utilitarian judgment, when found, is thus likely due to the (imperfect) correlation of AOT and CRT. Intuition in these domains is thus not necessarily something that people overcome through additional thinking, but rather what they rely on when they do not think very much. (C) 2014 Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).