Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use
Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.70.4.2161-2171.2004
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Cutting, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duc, LH;Hong, HA;Cutting, SM
五种由细菌孢子组成的商业益生菌产品中携带的芽孢杆菌（蜡样芽孢杆菌、克劳氏芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌）具有潜在的特性（定植、免疫刺激和抗菌活性），这些特性可以解释它们所声称的益生菌特性。三种蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株在给药后在小鼠胃肠道中持续存在长达18天，表明这些生物具有一定的定植能力。一株蜡样芽孢杆菌孢子对模拟胃液和模拟肠液极为敏感。所有菌株的孢子口服给小鼠时都具有免疫原性，但发现短小芽孢杆菌菌株产生特别高的抗孢子免疫球蛋白G滴度。在培养的巨噬细胞系中，发现矮头芽孢杆菌和实验室菌株枯草芽孢杆菌孢子可诱导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-6，在体内，矮头芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌孢子可诱导促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α和Th1细胞因子γ干扰素。短小芽孢杆菌菌株和一株蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株（越南蜡样芽孢杆菌变种）被发现对其他芽孢杆菌种类产生细菌素样活性。这些结果提供了定植、免疫刺激和抗菌活性的证据，支持了微生物具有潜在益生菌效应的假设。然而，这三种蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株也被发现产生Hbl和Nhe肠毒素，这使得它们对人类使用不安全。
Bacillus species (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus clausii, Bacillus pumilus) carried in five commercial probiotic products consisting of bacterial spores were characterized for potential attributes (colonization, immuno-stimulation, and antimicrobial activity) that could account for their claimed probiotic properties. Three B. cereus strains were shown to persist in the mouse gastrointestinal tract for up to 18 days postadministration, demonstrating that these organisms have some ability to colonize. Spores of one B. cereus strain were extremely sensitive to simulated gastric conditions and simulated intestinal fluids. Spores of all strains were immunogenic when they were given orally to mice, but the B. pumilus strain was found to generate particularly high anti-spore immunoglobulin G titers. Spores of B. pumilus and of a laboratory strain of B. subtilis were found to induce the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in a cultured macrophage cell line, and in vivo, spores of B. pumilus and B. subtilis induced the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and the Th1 cytokine gamma interferon. The B. pumilus strain and one B. cereus strain (B. cereus var. vietnami) were found to produce a bacteriocin-like activity against other Bacillus species. The results that provided evidence of colonization, immuno-stimulation, and antimicrobial activity support the hypothesis that the organisms have a potential probiotic effect. However, the three B. cereus strains were also found to produce the Hbl and Nhe enterotoxins, which makes them unsafe for human use.