Eco-design of nanostructured cellulose sponges for sea-water decontamination from heavy metal ions
Eco-design of nanostructured cellulose sponges for sea-water decontamination from heavy metal ions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119009
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发表时间：
2020-02-10
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Corsi, Ilaria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fiorati, Andrea;Grassi, Giacomo;Corsi, Ilaria
人类在沿海地区的活动日益频繁，海水污染日益严重。船舶的操作排放（如舱底污水），加上当地的事故或非法活动，往往会导致检测到ppm浓度的重金属离子在海洋沃茨。因此，需要高效的补救技术来保证消除这些污染物。工程纳米材料的使用正在成为环境修复的一种有价值的替代方法。然而，与环境金属潜在的生态毒性有关的问题仍然限制了它们在真实的场景中的使用，尽管它们具有良好的或优异的修复性能。正确选择起始材料和合成方案可以为此目的提供新的安全设计解决方案。根据这种方法，我们在此报告的生态设计策略用于开发生态友好的纤维素基纳米结构海绵（CNS）。后者是从海水中去除重金属的有效吸附剂单元。该材料是按照两步方案获得的，首先包括TEMPO氧化纤维素纳米纤维的生产，然后在支化聚乙烯亚胺的存在下使其交联。本文所述的CNS在从人工海水（ASW）中去除浓度范围为1 - 250 ppm的宽范围的重金属离子（Zn（II）、Cd（II）、Cr（III）、Hg（II）、Ni（II）和Cu（II））方面表现出高性能。通过使用标准化生态毒性生物测定作为藻类生长抑制试验（经合组织201），结合使用滤食性海洋双壳类物种的体内暴露研究，研究了材料的环境安全性（生态安全性），其中研究了免疫细胞活力（中性红保留时间）和遗传毒性（微核试验）。生态安全评估的结果优化了材料合成策略（生态设计），并能够将最佳净化效率与对水生生物群无风险结合起来，联合收割机。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The growing human activity on the sea coasts is more and more associated to a progressively increasing of seawater pollution. Ship operational discharges (such as bilge water), together with local accidents or illegal activities, often lead to detect ppm concentrations of heavy metal ions in marine waters. For this reason, highly efficient remediation technologies are required to guarantee the abatement of these contaminants. The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is emerging as a valuable alternative for environmental remediation. However, the concerns related to ENMs potential ecotoxicity still limit their use in real scenarios, in spite of the good to excellent remediation performances. The correct choice of the starting material and of the synthetic protocol could provide new safe-by-design solutions for this purpose. Following this approach, we herein report the eco-design strategy used for the development of eco-friendly cellulose-based nanostructured sponges (CNS). The latter resulted to be effective sorbent units for heavy metals removal from seawater. The materials were obtained following a two-step protocol, consisting first in the production of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers, followed by their cross-linking in the presence of branched polyethyleneimine. CNSs herein described exhibit high performances in removing a wide range of heavy metal ions (Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Hg(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)) from artificial sea water (ASW) in a concentration range of 1-250 ppm. Environmental safety of materials (ecosafety) was investigated by using a standardized ecotoxicity bioassay as algal growth inhibition test (OECD 201) coupled with an in vivo exposure study using a filter-feeder marine bivalve species in which immune cells viability (neutral red retention time) and genotoxicity (micronucleus test) were investigated. The results in terms of eco-safety evaluation led to the optimization of the material synthetic strategy (ecodesign) and allow to combine the best decontamination efficiency with no risk for aquatic biota. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.