Biopolitics, borders, and refugee camps: exercising sovereign power over nonmembers of the state†
Biopolitics, borders, and refugee camps: exercising sovereign power over nonmembers of the state†
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生命政治、边界和难民营：对非国家成员行使主权†
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Olga Zeveleva
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文献类型：
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作者：
Olga Zeveleva
本文通过考察德国遣返者、难民和寻求庇护者的边境过境营来探讨民族认同和生命政治概念之间的关系。当前对移民拘留空间的研究在很大程度上借鉴了阿甘本对“难民营”和“同性恋者”的反思，其中难民营被分析为处于永久例外状态的空间，其中政府对作为最终生命政治主体的难民行使主权。但是哪些人群可以进入营地，政府是否以同样的方式对待所有人群？本文考察了德国遣返者、难民和寻求庇护者营地，这里是一个通过不同群体之间的官僚和叙事区分实践来划定和控制国家边界的空间。作者利用拘留空间的概念，在民族认同与生命政治之间建立了理论联系，并论证了主权者在集中营中的控制和分化实践如何通过定义国家的“非成员”来构建德国的民族认同。该研究借鉴了弗里德兰边境过境营的人种学实地调查以及对营地或为营地制作的文本的话语分析。
This article addresses the relationship between the concepts of national identity and biopolitics by examining a border-transit camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers in Germany. Current studies of detention spaces for migrants have drawn heavily on Agamben’s reflection on the “camp” and “homo sacer,” where the camp is analyzed as a space in a permanent state of exception, in which the government exercises sovereign power over the refugee as the ultimate biopolitical subject. But what groups of people can end up at a camp, and does the government treat all groups in the same way? This article examines the German camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers as a space where the state’s borders are demarcated and controlled through practices of bureaucratic and narrative differentiation among various groups of people. The author uses the concept of detention space to draw a theoretical link between national identity and biopolitics, and demonstrates how the sovereign’s practices of control and differentiation at the camp construct German national identity through defining “nonmembers” of the state. The study draws on ethnographic fieldwork at the Friedland border transit camp and on a discourse analysis of texts produced at the camp or for the camp.