Defining Disaster: An Evolving Concept
Defining Disaster: An Evolving Concept
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灾难的定义：一个不断演变的概念
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-63254-4_1
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Perry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Perry
本章追溯了由社会科学家设计的灾难定义，叙述了学术思想的演变和概念的要素。重点是对现象本身的定义，而不是列举灾害的原因、条件或后果。本文回顾了三个基于理论的定义集合：古典时期，灾害传统，以及最近对灾害作为社会现象的强调。人类生态学观点的影响和脆弱性和恢复力的概念也进行了审查。渐渐地，人们对灾难的理论定义达成了共识。定义已经远离了以代理人为中心、伤害驱动、不可控的事件视野。虽然这些因素可能是近因，但实际上所有灾难都是人类“造成”的。目前，大多数研究人员将社会破坏视为灾害的关键特征或基本维度。
This chapter traces disaster definitions devised by social scientists, recounting the evolution of scholarly thinking and the elements of the concept. The emphasis is on the definition of the phenomenon itself, not on enumerating the causes of, conditions for or consequences of disasters. Three collections of theory-based definitions are reviewed: the classical period, the hazards-disaster tradition, and the most recent emphasis on disasters as social phenomena. The influence of the human ecology perspective and the concepts of vulnerability and resilience are also examined. Gradually, consensus is emerging on a theory-based definition of disasters. Definitions have moved away from an agent-centered, damage-driven, uncontrollable event vision. Although agents may be proximal causes, humans “cause” virtually all disasters. Most researchers currently view social disruption as the key defining feature or essential dimension of disasters.