Alcohol and aggression - A test of the attention-allocation model
Alcohol and aggression - A test of the attention-allocation model
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01953.x
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Corman, Michelle D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giancola, Peter R.;Corman, Michelle D.
本文首次对酒精相关攻击的注意分配模型进行了系统检验。根据这个模型，酒精对注意力有一种“短视”效应，在敌对情况下，酒精会把注意力集中在更明显的挑衅性线索上，而不是不那么明显的抑制性线索上，从而促进攻击行为。攻击性是通过一项实验室任务来评估的，在这项任务中，从一个虚构的对手那里接受轻微的电击，并对其进行电击。研究1表明，中等负荷的认知干扰物抑制了醉酒受试者的攻击行为（甚至低于安慰剂对照组的水平）。研究2评估了在酒精和安慰剂条件下，不同程度的分散认知负荷是如何影响攻击性的。结果表明，研究1中使用的中等负荷分心（即按顺序持有工作记忆中的四个要素）对攻击行为的抑制效果最好。较大和较小的认知负荷都不能成功地减弱攻击行为。
This article presents the first systematic test of the attention-allocation model for alcohol-related aggression. According to this model, alcohol has a "myopic" effect on attentional capacity that presumably facilitates aggression by focusing attention on more salient provocative, rather than less salient inhibitory, cues in hostile situations. Aggression was assessed using a laboratory task in which mild electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent. Study 1 demonstrated that a moderate-load cognitive distractor suppressed aggression in intoxicated subjects (to levels even lower than those exhibited by a placebo control group). Study 2 assessed how varying the magnitude of a distracting cognitive load affected aggression in the alcohol and placebo conditions. Results indicated that the moderate-load distraction used in Study 1 (i.e., holding four elements in sequential order in working memory) suppressed aggression best. Cognitive loads of larger and smaller magnitudes were not successful in attenuating aggression.