An Aptitude for Altitude: Are Epigenomic Processes Involved?
An Aptitude for Altitude: Are Epigenomic Processes Involved?
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DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2019.01397
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
C. Julian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Julian
近年来，高通量基因组学技术和计算技术的进步，已经大大加强了对人类适应高海拔的分子机制的研究。虽然特殊的进展有关的基因组区域的识别显示最近的积极选择的证据已经取得了，许多关键的“耐缺氧”的表型高原人口尚未被链接到假定的适应性遗传变异。因此，关于获得这种适应的生物过程的基本问题仍然没有答案。这篇迷你评论讨论了这样一个假设，即表观基因组与潜在的基因组序列协调工作，通过影响环境缺氧条件下的适应能力和表型变异来控制对高海拔慢性缺氧的适应。努力解开基因组，表观基因组和环境暴露之间的复杂相互作用是必不可少的，以更充分地了解人类适应缺氧的机制。
In recent years, high-throughput genomic technologies and computational advancements have invigorated efforts to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating human adaptation to high altitude. Although exceptional progress regarding the identification of genomic regions showing evidence of recent positive selection has been made, many of the key “hypoxia tolerant” phenotypes of highland populations have not yet been linked to putative adaptive genetic variants. As a result, fundamental questions regarding the biological processes by which such adaptations are acquired remain unanswered. This Mini Review discusses the hypothesis that the epigenome works in coordination with underlying genomic sequence to govern adaptation to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude by influencing adaptive capacity and phenotypic variation under conditions of environmental hypoxia. Efforts to unravel the complex interactions between the genome, epigenome, and environmental exposures are essential to more fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying human adaptation to hypoxia.