Developmental Environment Effects on Sexual Selection in Male and Female Drosophila melanogaster.
Developmental Environment Effects on Sexual Selection in Male and Female Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0154468
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wigby S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morimoto J;Pizzari T;Wigby S
发育环境可能会改变成年人的社会环境，并影响性选择的目标性状，如身体大小。在这项研究中，我们操纵幼虫密度在男性和女性果蝇，这导致不同的成年大小表型高（低）密度小（大）成人和测量性选择的实验组组成的成年男性和女性从高，低，或低和高幼虫密度的混合物。总体而言，大的成年女性（在低幼虫密度饲养）有更多的交配，更多的伴侣，并产生更多的后代比小的女性（在高幼虫密度饲养）。女性所产生的后代的数量与他们的配偶数量呈正相关（即有一个积极的女性贝特曼梯度）在社会群体中，女性的大小是实验不同的，可能是由于女性生产力和交配率之间的协方差。对于男性，我们发现的证据表明，幼虫的环境影响的相对重要性，通过交配数量（贝特曼梯度），交配生产力，父权份额，和他们的协方差性选择。交配数量和交配生产力显着减少小男性在社会环境中，男性的混合大小，与社会环境中，所有的男性都很小，这表明社会异质性改变了这个子集的男性选择。男性通常被认为是受益于与大的女性交配，但与预期相反，我们发现，在男性和女性的大小不同的群体中，男性没有获得更多的后代与大的女性交配。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，性别特异性的影响的发展环境的性选择的操作，通过两个表型的个人，和他们的竞争对手和配偶的表型。
The developmental environment can potentially alter the adult social environment and influence traits targeted by sexual selection such as body size. In this study, we manipulated larval density in male and female Drosophila melanogaster, which results in distinct adult size phenotypes–high (low) densities for small (large) adults–and measured sexual selection in experimental groups consisting of adult males and females from high, low, or a mixture of low and high larval densities. Overall, large adult females (those reared at low larval density) had more matings, more mates and produced more offspring than small females (those reared at high larval density). The number of offspring produced by females was positively associated with their number of mates (i.e. there was a positive female Bateman gradient) in social groups where female size was experimentally varied, likely due to the covariance between female productivity and mating rate. For males, we found evidence that the larval environment affected the relative importance of sexual selection via mate number (Bateman gradients), mate productivity, paternity share, and their covariances. Mate number and mate productivity were significantly reduced for small males in social environments where males were of mixed sizes, versus social environments where all males were small, suggesting that social heterogeneity altered selection on this subset of males. Males are commonly assumed to benefit from mating with large females, but in contrast to expectations we found that in groups where both the male and female size varied, males did not gain more offspring per mating with large females. Collectively, our results indicate sex-specific effects of the developmental environment on the operation of sexual selection, via both the phenotype of individuals, and the phenotype of their competitors and mates.