Designing Anti-Viral Vaccines that Harness Intrastructural Help from Prior BCG Vaccination.
Designing Anti-Viral Vaccines that Harness Intrastructural Help from Prior BCG Vaccination.
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DOI：
10.33696/immunology.5.174
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Porcelli, Steven A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ng, Tony W;Porcelli, Steven A
疫苗是抗击传染病影响和传播的最有效工具之一。然而，疫苗的有效性可能因疫苗不平等而降低，特别是在资源贫乏地区爆发严重传染病期间。正如在许多缺乏足够的医疗基础设施和经济资源的发展中国家所看到的那样，可能挽救生命的疫苗的获得和分配可能有限，导致长期痛苦和死亡人数增加。为了提高疫苗的公平性，疫苗设计必须考虑到成功开展疫苗接种运动所需的后勤保障，特别是在最脆弱的人群中。在发表在《免疫学杂志》上的题为“利用卡介苗接种中已有的CD 4 + T细胞帮助改善抗病毒抗体反应”的手稿中，作者设计了一种针对埃博拉病毒（EBOV）糖蛋白的重组亚单位疫苗，可以利用先前BCG疫苗接种中已有的T辅助细胞。作为一种以明矾为佐剂的重组亚单位疫苗，这种方法具有许多特点，使其非常适合为发展中国家设计疫苗，例如相对容易生产，可扩展性和分布。此外，BCG免疫的高流行率和对分枝杆菌的天然免疫在世界许多地区赋予此类疫苗应增加居住在此类地区的人群中的效力和功效的特征。由于使用预先存在的BCG特异性Th细胞的辅助活性来驱动抗体应答，因此需要较低的疫苗剂量，这是疫苗制造的主要优点。此外，BCG特异性Th细胞还刺激免疫球蛋白类别转换为对激活Fc-γ受体（Fcγ R）具有强亲和力的IgG同种型。综上所述，我们建议，亚单位疫苗的设计与BCG特异性Th细胞的结构内的帮助，可以提高对病毒感染的保护，并代表了疫苗设计，一般可以适应其他新兴的病毒病原体的控制和预防感染，在许多发展中国家。
Vaccines are among the most effective tools for combatting the impact and spread of infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of a vaccine can be diminished by vaccine inequality, particularly during severe outbreaks of infectious diseases in resource-poor areas. As seen in many developing countries that lack adequate healthcare infrastructure and economic resources, the acquisition and distribution of potentially life-saving vaccines may be limited, leading to prolonged suffering and increased deaths. To improve vaccine equity, vaccine design must take into consideration the logistics needed to implement a successful vaccination drive, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. In the manuscript titled “Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses” published in the Journal of Immunology, the authors designed a recombinant subunit vaccine against the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein that can harness the pre-existing T helper cells from prior BCG vaccination. As a recombinant subunit vaccine adjuvanted with alum, this approach has many features that make it well suited for the design of vaccines for developing nations, such as relative ease of production, scalability, and distribution. In addition, the high prevalence of BCG immunization and natural immunity to mycobacteria in many regions of the world endow such vaccines with features that should increase potency and efficacy among populations residing in such regions. As a result of using the helper activity of pre-existing BCG-specific Th cells to drive antibody responses, a lower vaccine dose is needed, which is a major advantage for vaccine manufacture. Furthermore, the BCG-specific Th cells also stimulate immunoglobulin class switching to IgG isotypes that have strong affinities for activating Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Taken together, we propose that the design of subunit vaccines with intrastructural help from BCG-specific Th cells can improve protection against viral infection and represents a vaccine design that can be generally adapted to other emerging viral pathogens for the control and prevention of infection in many developing countries.