The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Somitogenesis
The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Somitogenesis
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DOI：
10.1089/dna.2023.0226
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发表时间：
2023-07-18
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Ozbudak, Ertugrul M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chandel, Angad Singh;Stocker, Matthew;Ozbudak, Ertugrul M.
成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）信号传导从刺胞动物到哺乳动物都是保守的（Ornitz和Itoh，2022），它调节几个关键过程，如分化、增殖、凋亡、细胞迁移和胚胎发育。FGF信号传导控制的一个关键过程是脊椎动物近轴中胚层分裂成称为体节的重复分段单元（即，体节发生）。体节分割以头对尾的方式周期性地和顺序地发生，并且为脊椎动物体轴的区室化发育制定计划（Gomez等人，2008年）。这些体节后来形成椎骨、肌腱和骨骼肌。体节节从有体前中胚层（PSM）的前端依次形成。体节分割的周期性由分割时钟赋予，包括PSM中Hairy和分裂增强子（Her/Hes）基因的振荡表达。体节边界的位置信息由双磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶（ppERK）梯度指示，这是体节发生期间FGF信号传导的相关读数（Sawada等人，2001; Delfini等人，2005; Simsek和Ozbudak，2018; Simsek等人，2023年）。在这篇综述中，我们总结了分割时钟和FGF/ppERK梯度之间的串扰，并讨论如何导致周期性体节边界的形成。我们还提请注意有关分割时钟和ppERK梯度的相互作用的突出问题，并建议未来的研究方向关闭。
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is conserved from cnidaria to mammals (Ornitz and Itoh, 2022) and it regulates several critical processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and embryonic development. One pivotal process FGF signaling controls is the division of vertebrate paraxial mesoderm into repeated segmented units called somites (i.e., somitogenesis). Somite segmentation occurs periodically and sequentially in a head-to-tail manner, and lays down the plan for compartmentalized development of the vertebrate body axis (Gomez et al., 2008). These somites later give rise to vertebrae, tendons, and skeletal muscle. Somite segments form sequentially from the anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). The periodicity of somite segmentation is conferred by the segmentation clock, comprising oscillatory expression of Hairy and enhancer-of-split (Her/Hes) genes in the PSM. The positional information for somite boundaries is instructed by the double phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ppERK) gradient, which is the relevant readout of FGF signaling during somitogenesis (Sawada et al., 2001; Delfini et al., 2005; Simsek and Ozbudak, 2018; Simsek et al., 2023). In this review, we summarize the crosstalk between the segmentation clock and FGF/ppERK gradient and discuss how that leads to periodic somite boundary formation. We also draw attention to outstanding questions regarding the interconnected roles of the segmentation clock and ppERK gradient, and close with suggested future directions of study.