The effect of catecholamine depletion by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on measures of cognitive performance and sleep in abstinent MDMA users.
The effect of catecholamine depletion by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on measures of cognitive performance and sleep in abstinent MDMA users.
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α-甲基-对酪氨酸消耗儿茶酚胺对戒断 MDMA 使用者认知表现和睡眠的影响。
DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1301302
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ricaurte,GeorgeA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCann,UnaD;Peterson,StephenC;Ricaurte,GeorgeA
(±)3，4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)是一种常用的娱乐滥用药物，也是一种动物脑5-羟色胺(5-HT)神经毒素。越来越多的证据表明，娱乐性使用MDMA的人类也会患上5-羟色胺神经毒性损伤，尽管功能后果很难确定。对25名戒毒者和23名非戒毒者进行了研究，以确定α-甲基对酪氨酸(Ampt)对脑儿茶酚胺的药理耗竭是否会对MDMA使用者的认知和睡眠指标产生不同的影响，这两个过程受大脑5-羟色胺和儿茶酚胺能神经元的双重调节。在为期5天的住院研究中，所有受试者都接受了正式的神经精神测试、重复的计算机化认知测试和通宵睡眠研究。在基线时，MDMA使用者在言语和视觉空间工作记忆任务上的表现存在缺陷，并在几个计算机化任务中表现出更高的行为冲动，反映出以牺牲准确性为代价快速执行的趋势。与对照组相比，戒酒MDMA使用者的基线睡眠结构也发生了变化。与几项认知和睡眠指标的对照相比，AMPT在MDMA使用者中产生了不同的影响。认知表现、冲动和睡眠方面的差异与MDMA的使用显著相关。这些数据扩展了早期研究的结果，这些研究证明了戒酒MDMA使用者的认知缺陷、行为冲动和睡眠改变，并表明MDMA的持久影响导致调节行为的能力发生变化，这些行为受到5-羟色胺和儿茶酚胺的相互影响。需要更多的研究来确定禁欲MDMA使用者的睡眠异常、认知缺陷和冲动行为之间的潜在关系。
(±) 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug of abuse and a brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin in animals. Growing evidence suggests that humans who use MDMA recreationally can also develop 5-HT neurotoxic injury, although functional consequences have been difficult to identify. Twenty-five abstinent MDMA users and 23 non-MDMA using controls were studied to determine whether pharmacologic depletion of brain catecholamines by alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) would differentially effect MDMA users on measures of cognition and sleep, two processes dually modulated by brain serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurons. During a 5-day in-patient study, all subjects underwent formal neuropsychiatric testing, repeated computerized cognitive testing, and all-night sleep studies. At baseline, MDMA users had performance deficits on tasks of verbal and visuospatial working memory and displayed increased behavioral impulsivity on several computerized tasks, reflecting a tendency to perform quickly at the expense of accuracy. Baseline sleep architecture was also altered in abstinent MDMA users compared to controls. AMPT produced differential effects in MDMA users compared to controls on several cognitive and sleep measures. Differences in cognitive performance, impulsivity, and sleep were significantly correlated with MDMA use. These data extend findings from earlier studies demonstrating cognitive deficits, behavioral impulsivity, and sleep alterations in abstinent MDMA users, and suggest that lasting effects of MDMA lead to alterations in the ability to modulate behaviors reciprocally influenced by 5-HT and catecholamines. More research is needed to determine potential relationships between sleep abnormalities, cognitive deficits and impulsive behavior in abstinent MDMA users.