Mechanisms underlying aggressive and hostile behavior in amphetamine users
Mechanisms underlying aggressive and hostile behavior in amphetamine users
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DOI：
10.1097/yco.0b013e32832a1dd4
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
McKetin, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawe, Sharon;Davis, Penelope;McKetin, Rebecca
综述的目的审查目前将苯丙胺使用与攻击联系起来的证据，并考虑可能支持这种联系的可能因素。最近的发现尽管苯丙胺使用与攻击水平增加有关的证据继续增加，但潜在的过程或机制仍然有些难以捉摸。在这篇综述中，考虑了三个可能的潜在因素。在动物和人类研究中，苯丙胺对多巴胺和5-羟色胺能系统的神经毒性和药理作用与攻击、敌对行为有关。尤其令人感兴趣的是，越来越多的证据表明，苯丙胺的使用与前额叶皮质调节的执行功能(包括自我控制)的损害有关。综上所述，这些发现表明，安非他明使用者控制或抑制攻击性冲动的能力可能受到了损害。此外，与使用苯丙胺相关的高水平冲动也可能起到作用。最后，苯丙胺的使用与精神病的积极症状增加有关，特别是偏执狂，这导致人们认为环境是一个充满敌意、威胁的地方。概述单独来看，这些因素中的每一个都可能随着苯丙胺的使用而导致攻击性的增加，但它们的交互或协同作用可能特别成问题。
Purpose of reviewTo review current evidence linking amphetamine use with aggression and to consider possible factors that might underlie this association.Recent findingsAlthough evidence that amphetamine use is related to increased levels of aggression continues to grow, the underlying processes or mechanisms remain somewhat elusive. In this review, three possible underlying factors are considered. Neurotoxic, pharmacological effects of amphetamine on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are related to aggressive, hostile behavior in both animal and human studies. Of particular interest is the converging evidence that amphetamine use is related to impairment in executive functions (including self-control) that are regulated by the prefrontal cortex. Taken together, these findings suggest that amphetamine users may have an impaired capacity to control or inhibit aggressive impulses. Furthermore, high levels of impulsivity related to amphetamine use may also play a role. Finally, amphetamine use is associated with increased positive symptoms of psychosis, particularly paranoia, that contribute to a perception of the environment as a hostile, threatening place.SummaryTaken separately, each of these factors may lead to an increase in aggression with increased use of amphetamine, but their interactive or synergistic effects may be particularly problematic.