Cross sector contributions to river pollution in England and Wales: Updating waterbody scale information to support policy delivery for the Water Framework Directive
Cross sector contributions to river pollution in England and Wales: Updating waterbody scale information to support policy delivery for the Water Framework Directive
复制标题
英格兰和威尔士河流污染的跨部门贡献：更新水体规模信息以支持水框架指令的政策实施
DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.04.010
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
P. Naden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Zhang;A. Collins;N. Murdoch;David Lee;P. Naden
弥漫性水污染是欧盟面临的一个主要环境问题。为淡水环境的管理提供协调方法的尝试需要适当的宏观尺度空间分析工具，以便为有针对性的决策和干预提供证据基础。在此背景下，本文报告了英格兰和威尔士新的国家多重污染物（营养物和沉积物）来源分配筛选框架的发展。SEPARATE（水生环境部门污染物分摊）包括从扩散（农业、城市、河道河岸、大气）和点（污水处理厂（STWs）、化粪池、综合污水溢出（cso）、暴雨池）来源向水生环境排放的污染物，并在水框架指令循环2水体的基础上总结了来源分摊。总氮（TN）的国家尺度来源比例（含水体范围）估计在有序范围内；农业(81%,1-100%)> STWs (14%, 0-95%) > cso(1.5%, 0-73%) >直接大气沉降(1.3%,0-93%)>弥漫性城市和风暴池（均为1%，0-80%和0-93%）>化粪池(0.2%,0-30%)>河道河岸（~ 0%,0-1%）。相应的总磷（TP）估计值为；STWs(47%, 0-100%) >农业(31%,0-100%)> cso(9%, 0-94%) >风暴池(6%,0-100%)>漫漫性城市/化粪池/河道河岸（均为2%，0-100%,0-70%,0-71%）>直接大气沉积（1%,0-65%）。对于沉积物，估计在这个顺序中；农业(72%,0 - 100%)>河道银行(22%,0 - 96%)>分散城市(5%,0 - 100%)> stw(1%, 0 - 91%)。在不包括地下水资源的情况下，英格兰威尔士93%（130,384平方公里）的水体中，农业贡献主导了TN的水污染，相比之下，TP为58%（68,434平方公里），沉积物为76%（104,434平方公里）。综合起来，这三种污染物在53%（63,030平方公里）的水体中占主导地位。
Diffuse water pollution represents a major environmental issue for the European Union. Attempts to provide a coordinated approach to the management of the freshwater environment require appropriate tools for macro-scale spatial analysis to deliver the evidence base for informing targeted decision making and interventions. In this context, this paper reports the development of a new national multiple pollutant (nutrients and sediment)source apportionment screening framework for England and Wales. SEPARATE (SEctor Pollutant AppoRtionment for the AquaTic Environment) includes emissions to the aquatic environment from both diffuse (agriculture, urban, river channel banks, atmospheric) and point (sewage treatment works (STWs), septic tanks, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), storm tanks) sources and summarises the source apportionment on the basis of Water Framework Directive cycle 2 waterbodies. National scale source proportions (with waterbody ranges) for total nitrogen (TN) were estimated to be in the order; agriculture (81%, 1–100%) > STWs (14%, 0–95%) > CSOs (1.5%, 0–73%) > direct atmospheric deposition (1.3%, 0–93%) >diffuse urban and storm tanks (both 1%, 0–80% and 0–93%) >septic tanks (0.2%, 0–30%) >river channel banks (∼0%, 0–1%). The corresponding estimates for total phosphorus (TP) were; STWs (47%, 0–100%) > agriculture (31%, 0–100%) > CSOs (9%, 0–94%) > storm tanks (6%, 0–100%) > diffuse urban/septic tanks/river channel banks (all 2%, 0–100%, 0–70%, 0–71%) > direct atmospheric deposition (1%, 0–65%). For sediment, the estimates were in the order; agriculture (72%, 0–100%) > river channel banks (22%, 0–96%) > diffuse urban (5%, 0–100%) > STWs (1%, 0–91%). Without the inclusion of groundwater sources, agricultural contributions dominate water pollution by TN in 93% (130,384 km2) of waterbodies across England Wales, compared to 58% (68,434 km2) in the case of TP and 76% (104,434 km2) for sediment. In combination, agricultural contributions of all three of these pollutants are dominant in 53% (63,030 km2) of waterbodies.