Foreword to the Special Issue on ‘Naturally Produced Organohalogens – Atmosphere and Soil’
Foreword to the Special Issue on ‘Naturally Produced Organohalogens – Atmosphere and Soil’
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“天然产生的有机卤素——大气和土壤”特刊前言
DOI：
10.1071/env12n4_fo
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
A. Kappler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schöler;C. Zetzsch;A. Kappler
生物区系与地球化学环境的共同演化导致了地球系统中的多种复杂反馈。陆地和海洋表面与大气之间的界面对于能量以及无机和有机物质的交换至关重要。气候变化和大气过程，如化学品的迁移和沉积，是自然和人为地球化学循环的主要制约因素。大气中的气体和气溶胶的沉积会对陆地生态系统的功能产生重大影响。有时候气体和气溶胶会提高生产力，有时候它们会成为有毒物质。含有卤素原子的有机化合物-特别是氯-长期以来一直被认为是工业来源，并且假设这些化合物的生产和排放可以很容易地被人类控制，以防它们对地球上的生命构成威胁。近年来的环境问题，如平流层臭氧破坏和半挥发性有机卤素对生物圈的日益污染，被认为对人类的福祉有很大的影响。自20世纪70年代中期以来，化学家们发现的一些活性有机卤素是自然界有意或无意产生的，例如在土壤和高盐盐湖的沉积物中。到目前为止，已知有近5000种不同的有机卤素是由地球化学和生物化学过程天然产生的。除了挥发性烷基卤化物和极性有机卤素（如卤代乙酸盐）外，有证据表明，即使是半挥发性有机卤素和卤化腐殖物质也是通过非生物地球化学过程自然形成的。例如，氯甲烷的自然生产量（5-6百万吨）超过人为生产量（50千吨）100倍。
The co-evolution of biota and the geochemical environment has resulted in a multitude of complex feedbacks in the Earth’s system. The interface between land and marine surfaces and the atmosphere is of utmost importance for the exchange of energy as well as inorganic and organic substances. Climate variability and atmospheric processes, such as transport and deposition of chemicals, are major constraints on both natural and anthropogenic biogeochemical cycles. The deposition of gases and aerosols from the atmosphere can strongly influence the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Sometimes gases and aerosols induce productivity, sometimes they act as toxic substances. Organic compounds containing halogen atoms–especially chlorine–have been considered for a long time to be of industrial origin only, and it was assumed that the production and emission of these compounds could easily be controlled by humans in case they would pose a threat for life on Earth. Recent environmental problems such as stratospheric ozone destruction and the increasing pollution of the biosphere through semivolatile organohalogens are considered to have a large impact on the well-being of mankind.Since the mid-1970s it became clear that some reactive organohalogens identified by chemists are purposefully but also unintentionally produced by nature, eg in soils and sediments of hyper saline salt lakes. To date almost 5000 different organohalogens are known to be naturally produced by biogeochemical and biochemical processes. In addition to volatile alkyl halides and polar organohalogens such as haloacetates, there is evidence that even semi-volatile organohalogens and halogenated humic substances are naturally formed by abiotic geochemical processes. For instance nature’s production of chloromethane (5–6 Mt) exceeds the anthropogenic production (50 Kt) by a factor of 100.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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